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采用正交试验与对比试验相结合 ,研究了 N、P、K、Zn、Si肥和栽培密度各因子及其优化处理对孕穗期完全淹涝胁迫下早稻产量的影响与作用机理。结果表明 ,不同 N肥和 K肥水平对产量的影响达到了显著水平差异 ,其各自的最适用量分别约为纯氮 135 kg/ hm2和纯钾 12 0 kg/ hm2 ;适 N高 K能明显提高水稻的耐淹涝胁迫能力 ,N/ K比宜介于 1.1～ 1.5之间。P肥以过磷酸钙 75 0 kg/ hm2最优 ,其它因子的影响较小 ,但具有较好的互作效应。多元肥料优化处理能显著减少洪涝灾害对水稻产量的损失 ,其机理在于多元肥料的有机结合 ,提高了水稻细胞内可溶性糖的含量 ,减少了受淹水稻植株体内无机氮的积累 ,使次生高位分蘖发生频率和纹枯病发病指数显著下降 ,实粒数和有效穗大幅度增加。
The effects of various factors of N, P, K, Zn, Si fertilizers and planting densities and their optimized treatments on the yield of early rice under full submergence stress at booting stage were studied using orthogonal test and comparative experiment. The results showed that the effects of different N and K fertilizers on yield were significantly different, and their optimum application rates were about 135 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen and 120 kg / hm2 of pure potassium, respectively. Improve the ability of submergence tolerance of rice, N / K ratio should be between 1.1 ~ 1.5. P fertilizer with superphosphate 75 0 kg / hm2 optimal, other factors less affected, but has a good interaction effect. Multivariate fertilizer optimization can significantly reduce the loss of floods on rice yield, the mechanism lies in the organic combination of multiple fertilizers, increased soluble sugar content in rice cells, reducing the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in flooded rice plants so that the secondary high The incidence of tillering and sheath blight incidence index decreased significantly, the number of real grains and effective spike increased significantly.