近来美国学者郝瑞以四川攀枝花几个彝族支系为例，对中国彝族的认同提出质疑，认为这不符合“族群”的概念，因此彝族的“聚拢”带有任意性。他还从“民族”与“族群”两个概念出发，认为中国并无“族群”概念。本文认为，彝族虽然支系众多，但历来即有认同，新中国的民族识别只是加强了彝族整体的认同性；“民族”与“族群”的概念确有差别，我国以往在翻译和使用上曾将其混用，造成误解，这一问题现已不存在；必须充分利用中国的民族志资料构建族体理论。 Recently, American scholar Hao Rui took several Yi clan branches in Panzhihua, Sichuan as an example, and questioned the identity of Chinese Yi people. They thought it was not in conformity with the concept of “ethnic group”, therefore, the “gathering” of Yi nationality was arbitrary. He also proceeded from the two concepts of “ethnic group” and “ethnic group”, thinking that there is no concept of “ethnic group” in China. This paper argues that although the Yi ethnic group has many branches, it has always been agreed that the ethnic identification in the new China only strengthens the overall identity of the Yi nationality; the concept of “ethnic group” and “ethnic group” is indeed different. In the past, China used to translate and use The problem of mixing them up and causing misunderstanding no longer exists. Ethnic theory of ethnic groups must be fully utilized.