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心理学家们曾从学术实验与真实生活的不同角度,围绕人的期望进行过一系列研究,提出管理心理学中多种期望理论。本文从他人期望与自我期望两个方面,将多种期望理论进行归纳,并以积极心理学思想为指导,把这些理论在管理学上的应用进行总结,希望对现代企业管理有所启示。针对他人期望影响的理论包括实验者效应、“皮格马利翁”期望效应,针对自我期望影响的理论包括弗鲁姆期望理论。
Psychologists have conducted a series of studies around the expectations of the people from different angles of academic experiment and real life, and proposed many theories of expectation in management psychology. Based on two aspects of expectation of others and self-expectation, this article summarizes many expectation theories, and takes the positive psychology thought as guidance, summarizes the application of these theories in management and hoping to enlighten modern enterprise management. Theories that influence the expectations of others include the experimenter effect, the expected effect of Pygmalion, the theory of influence on self-expectation, and the theory of Vroom expectation.