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采用全天开放式增温方式,在江苏徐州和丹阳地区分别进行田间试验,研究了全生育期增温对不同年代冬小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响.结果表明:增温处理下不同年代冬小麦品种的有效分蘖在徐州和丹阳分别平均减少5.2%和9.6%,无效分蘖分别减少15.6%和9.7%.增温处理下徐州冬小麦的株高比对照高,丹阳比对照低,近期品种的株高矮于早期品种.增温处理下不同年代品种的叶面积指数均呈增加趋势.除徐州1950s—1960s、1980s、丹阳1950s—1960s和1990s品种的净光合速率在增温处理降低外,其他品种均增加,但夜间呼吸速率增减趋势不同.两试验地冬小麦地上部分生物量和收获指数均为增温处理高于对照,近代品种的收获指数比早期品种高.徐州和丹阳两地增温处理下不同年代品种的生育期均缩短,分别平均缩短3.2和4.1 d,主要是抽穗期前缩短明显,平均缩短7.5和8.5 d,而灌浆期延长,平均延长4.3 d.增温处理下,除徐州1950s—1960s品种减产外,其他年代的品种均表现为增产,增产幅度徐州和丹阳分别平均为21.0%和14.1%.统计分析表明,增温改变了产量构成因素对产量的贡献作用,且存在地域差异,在徐州增温处理主要影响实粒数和有效穗数,而在丹阳主要影响千粒重.
A field experiment was conducted in Xuzhou and Danyang of Jiangsu Province to study the effect of warming during the whole growth period on the growth and yield of winter wheat cultivars in different years.The results showed that the winter wheat cultivars Of effective tillers decreased by 5.2% and 9.6% respectively on average in Xuzhou and Danyang, and decreased by 15.6% and 9.7% respectively for invalid tillers.The plant height of Xuzhou winter wheat was higher than that of the control and Danyang was lower than that of the control, Early varieties.The leaf area index of different varieties under increasing temperature showed an increasing trend.Except for the decrease of the net photosynthetic rate in 1950s-1960s and the 1990s in Xuzhou from 1950s-1960s, 1980s and 1950s, the other varieties increased, But the variation trend of the respiration rate was different at night.The aboveground biomass and harvest index of winter wheat in both experimental plots were higher than those in the control and the harvest index of modern cultivars was higher than that in the early cultivars.Under the different temperature The growth stages of varieties were shortened, respectively, shortened 3.2 and 4.1 d on average, respectively, mainly shortened significantly before heading, with an average reduction of 7.5 and 8.5 d, while the filling period was prolonged , An average of 4.3 d.With warming treatment, except Xuzhou 1950s-1960s varieties, the other varieties showed performance of increasing production and increasing rate of Xuzhou and Danyang, respectively, an average of 21.0% and 14.1% .Statistical analysis showed that the change in temperature The contribution of yield components to the yield, and there are geographical differences, warming in Xuzhou mainly affect the actual number of grains and the effective panicles, while in Danyang mainly affect 1000-grain weight.