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1840年的鸦片战争,既是西方资本主义列强野蛮入侵中国的开端,也是西方文化对中国古老文化的一次猛烈冲击。中国失败的原因虽然是由多方面的因素决定的,但西方的“船坚炮利”确实给中国人留下了深刻的印象。现实使人们不得不改变视西方人为“蛮夷”的轻蔑成见,也不得不对西方的“奇技淫巧”重新进行估价。当时,林则徐、魏源等一批开明的爱国人士,对西方先进的科学技术在战争中所起的作用,已有了较深刻的认识,从而提出了“师夷长技以制夷”的思想。这就提出了一个学习西方、引进西方先进科学技术的重要课题。从此,先进的中国人围绕这一课题的如何解决,殚精竭虑,进行了长时间的求索。
The Opium War of 1840 was not only the beginning of the brutal invasion of China by the Western capitalist powers, but also a violent attack on the ancient Chinese culture by Western culture. Although the reasons for China’s failure are determined by many factors, the “ship’s belligerents” in the West really left a deep impression on the Chinese. The reality has forced people to change their disdain and prejudice that they regard the “barbarians” as Westerners, and they have to re-evaluate the “magic trick” in the West. At that time, a group of enlightened patriots, such as Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, had reached a deeper understanding of the role played by the advanced western science and technology in the war and proposed the idea of “using the skills of the state to control the barbarians.” This raises an important issue for studying the West and introducing advanced western science and technology. Since then, the advanced Chinese people around the issue of how to solve, worked hard and made a long search.