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在结构构件上施加均布冲击(爆炸)荷载一直是动力试验领域的难题。提出了一种落锤冲击气囊施加均布动荷载的试验装置,和一个双自由度弹簧阻尼冲击加载简化分析模型;给出了该模型的基本力学方程、边界条件和求解方法,并进行了有限元验证;建立了所提出冲击加载试验装置的精细化有限元模型,分析了构件上各受荷区域的荷载均布情况,验证了所提出装置的可行性。基于所建立的简化分析模型,讨论了刚度、荷载作用时间和阻尼比等关键参数,对构件上动荷载的影响,并给出了基本规律。计算结果表明,在选定合适的参数后,落锤冲击气囊试验装置能够较好地模拟构件上的均布动荷载,为实验室中进行爆炸冲击试验提供了一种可能。
Applying a uniform impact (explosion) load on structural members has been a challenge in the field of dynamic testing. A test device for applying uniformly distributed dynamic load on a ballistic impact airbag and a simplified analytical model of a two degree of freedom spring loaded shock loading are proposed. The basic mechanical equations, boundary conditions and solution methods for the model are given. The finite element model of the impact loading test device was established. The load distribution in each load region of the component was analyzed and the feasibility of the proposed device was verified. Based on the simplified analysis model established, the key parameters such as stiffness, load time and damping ratio are discussed, and the influence on the dynamic loads on the members is discussed. The basic rules are also given. The calculation results show that the drop weight impact airbag test device can simulate the uniformly distributed dynamic load on the component after selecting the appropriate parameters, which provides a possibility for the explosion impact test in the laboratory.