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文章对邓小平提出的“什么是马克思主义”和“什么是社会主义”两个历史之问,进行了较详细的讨论,并从这两个问题入手,以中国社会经济发展的史实和中国共产党发展壮大所经历的艰难曲折为依据,系统地讨论和阐明:为什么马克思主义的政治经济学认为,生产力的发展才是决定人类社会发展进步,最主要和根本的动力。而作为反映和总结人类社会这一历史进程的理论——政治经济学,包括马克思主义理论本身,也必将在这一进程中不断发展和丰富,有所扬弃,有所进步,有所发展。中国革命的经验对马克思主义理论的贡献,就是最好的证明。而当代社会生产力随着科学技术的飞速发展与进步,特别是高度信息化、网络化与智能机器人的发展和应用,不仅鲜明地表明:先进的科学技术不仅对当代社会生产力的决定性的推动,还直接导致传统意义下的工人和农民群体正在萎缩,并将逐步消失。这就不可避免地冲击了马克思主义政治经济学中,关于劳动价值和剩余价值的基本理论。文章作者提出的具体方案是:当今社会财富,即使用价值的产生和积累,并非简单的等于工人和农民创造的劳动价值,而是由他们所创造的价值,再乘以广义的科技放大因子。后者包括了智力劳动所带来的一切提高效率和创新的科技成果,以及规划和管理、市场推广、营销等带来的效率提高。在当今社会,这一效率因子,特别是某些高技术领域,可以很大。这就具体而定量地刻画了:科学技术是第一生产力。文章还可以进一步证明:这一广义科技效率因子,就是古典经济学中的全要素生产率。这不仅为马克思的政治经济学补上了当今经济社会生活中不可或缺的重要经济学概念,同时也给古典经济学中凭经验,唯象地引入的Solow residue(索洛剩余)参数,赋予了实体的内涵。
The article discussed Deng Xiaoping’s two questions about “what is Marxism” and “what is socialism?” And conducted a more detailed discussion. On the basis of these two issues, the article takes the historical facts of China’s social and economic development And the arduous twists and turns experienced by the Communist Party of China in its development and expansion, we systematically discuss and clarify why the political economy in Marxism holds that the development of productive forces is the most important and fundamental motive force that determines the progress and progress of human society. As a theory reflecting and summarizing the historical process of human society - political economy, including the Marxist theory itself, it is bound to continue to develop, enrich, discard, improve and develop in this process. The contribution of the experience of the Chinese revolution to Marxist theory is the best proof. However, with the rapid development and progress of science and technology in contemporary social productive forces, especially the development and application of highly informatized, networked and intelligent robots, it not only makes clear that advanced science and technology are not only the decisive impetus to the productivity of the contemporary society, but also As a direct result of the traditional sense of the workers and peasant groups are shrinking, and will gradually disappear. This will inevitably impact the basic theory of labor value and surplus value in Marxist political economy. The specific proposal put forward by the author is that today’s social wealth, that is, the generation and accumulation of use value, is not simply equal to the labor value created by workers and peasants but rather the value created by them and multiplied by the generalized factor of science and technology magnification. The latter includes all the scientific and technological achievements brought about by intellectual work to improve efficiency and innovation as well as the efficiency brought by planning and management, marketing and marketing. In today’s society, this efficiency factor, especially in some high-tech fields, can be enormous. This concretely and quantitatively depicts: Science and technology are primary productive forces. The article can further prove: This generalized scientific and technological efficiency factor is the total factor productivity in classical economics. This not only complements Marx’s political economy with the important economic concepts indispensable in today’s economic and social life, but also empirically gives the experience of classical economics the introduction of the Solow residue parameters empirically The substance of the connotation.