在我国广大的疆土上,从寒冷的大小兴安岭山区到炎热的华南丘陵地带,从湿润的东海沿岸平原到干旱的西北戈壁,各色各样的土壤好象大地披上的彩色盛装。土壤颜色的主要色素有:白、黑、红、黄四种。白色来自石英、长石、白云母等,通常砂粒较多的土壤含此种矿物也较多,所以土色较淡。此外,还有许多盐类也呈白色。黑色来自土壤中的有机质。因此一般讲,土壤愈黑,说明有机质愈多,也愈肥沃。此外,邻近有煤层、黑色岩石,形成的土壤也常 In the vast territory of our country, from the cold and large Xingan Mountains to the hot South China hilly areas, from the wet plains along the East China Sea to the arid northwest Gobi, all kinds of soil resembles the colors of the earth. The main pigments of soil color are: white, black, red, and yellow. White comes from quartz, feldspar, muscovite, etc. Usually, soil with more sand contains more such minerals, so the soil is lighter. In addition, many salts are also white. Black comes from the organic matter in the soil. Therefore, generally speaking, the darker the soil, the more organic matter, but also more fertile. In addition, adjacent to coal seams and black rocks, soil is often formed.