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基于寒区高速铁路隧道温度场研究现状及存在问题,以俄罗斯400 km/h的莫喀高铁隧道防寒保温设计为研究对象,研制不同洞外气温、围岩地温、列车运行速度和运行间隔等条件下寒区高速铁路隧道的温度场模型试验系统。该系统由高速列车模型驱动装置、隧道模型、温度控制装置、测试系统以及列车模型五部分组成:高速列车模型驱动装置采用伺服电机,通过PLC梯形图语言编程技术实现列车模型加速、匀速和减速过程的精确控制;隧道模型主体材料采用有机玻璃,通过法兰、螺栓和密封条连接而成,整个试验过程可视化并兼具美观性,还可根据试验需求通过预留多组螺栓孔实现纵向尺寸的拓展,从而模拟不同长度的隧道;温度控制装置由洞外温度控制装置和围岩地温控制装置构成;测试系统由高灵敏度的温度测试元件、风速测试元件以及数据采集仪构成;列车模型以CHR 380A高速列车为模型蓝本,主体材料采用有机玻璃,原型与模型几何相似比为50∶1。试验结果表明:采用控制变量法,洞外气温每降低5℃,洞内气温负温长度平均增加104 m;围岩地温每升高5℃,洞内气温负温长度平均减少145 m;列车运行间隔短于15 min的寒区隧道,在防冻保温设计时应考虑列车运行间隔对保温设防长度的影响。
Based on the research status and existing problems of temperature field in high-speed railway tunnels in cold region, taking the design of the cold-proof and thermal insulation of Moscow-Khuksnaya-Moscow-Hohhot tunnel at 400 km / h as the research object, the conditions of temperature, surrounding rock temperature, Lower Temperature Zone High Speed Railway Tunnel Temperature Field Model Test System. The system consists of a high-speed train model driving device, a tunnel model, a temperature control device, a testing system and a train model. The high-speed train model driving device adopts a servomotor to realize acceleration, uniform speed and deceleration of the train model through PLC ladder language programming technology The main material of the tunnel model is made of plexiglass and is connected through flanges, bolts and sealing strips. The entire test process is visualized and has aesthetic appearance. The longitudinal dimensions of the tunnel model can also be achieved by reserving a plurality of bolt holes according to the test requirements The temperature control device is composed of the external temperature control device and the surrounding rock temperature control device; the test system consists of a high-sensitivity temperature test element, a wind speed test element and a data acquisition instrument; the train model is based on the CHR 380A High-speed train modeled on the model, the main material using plexiglass, prototype and model geometric similarity ratio of 50: 1. The results show that the negative temperature of the inner temperature of the hole increases by 104 m on average every time the temperature of the hole decreases by 5 ℃ with the control variable method, and the negative temperature length of the hole decreases by 145 m on average every time the temperature of the surrounding rock increases by 5 ℃. In cold area tunnels shorter than 15 minutes, the effect of train running intervals on the length of insulation design should be taken into account in frost-heat insulation design.