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本文首先综述宽带、双通道测向系统的早期发展,简述总的系统,包括天线、模形成电路和检测器。对四臂、六臂和八臂螺旋的设计和特点作了详细讨论,重点是对实用的四臂螺旋。对双模螺旋,提供了一些难得见到的数据,如辐射阻抗和双模螺旋的参考平面旋转数据。首次介绍了一种实用的双模辐射结构,即经典的双曲螺旋,并讨论了多线辐射器所收集的信号运算子系统的各种实现方法。本文还讨论了多臂螺旋的模形成器,讨论了对称和非对称两种结构。详细分析了Millican电路,说明了电路的一般耦合和移相特性。介绍了波束形成电路的工作原理及各种耦合器、移相器和功分器的综合和设计,给出了一些对射频模和波束形成器的实际设计有价值的参考文献,就实际设计考虑的问题,如材料选择和实际系统方案提供一些资料。最后,给出了一个在带宽比为50∶1的频率范围内实测到的M2天线方向图。
This article begins with an overview of the early development of broadband, dual-channel DF systems, outlining the total system including antennas, modeled circuits and detectors. The design and features of four, six and eight-armed spirals are discussed in detail, with emphasis on practical four-armed spirals. For dual-mode helix, there are some rare data seen, such as the radiation impedance and reference plane rotation data of the dual-mode helix. A practical dual-mode radiation structure, the classical hyperbolic spiral, is introduced for the first time and various implementation methods of signal operation subsystems collected by the multi-line radiators are discussed. This article also discusses the multi-arm spiral former, discussing both symmetrical and asymmetric structures. A detailed analysis of the Millican circuit illustrates the general coupling and phase shifting characteristics of the circuit. The working principle of the beamforming circuit and the synthesis and design of various couplers, phase shifters and power splitters are introduced. Some valuable references for the practical design of the RF mode and beamformer are given. Based on the actual design considerations Questions such as material selection and actual system solutions provide some information. Finally, an M2 antenna pattern measured at a 50: 1 bandwidth ratio is given.