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河西走廊地区属我国北方风蚀区,通过对河西走廊冬油菜、冬小麦、麦茬和春播等4种主要农田地表类型(处理)进行风洞模拟实验,比较各个处理的抗风蚀效果。结果表明:冬油菜、冬小麦、麦茬和春播4种处理地表的粗糙度分别为4.2、4.1、3.9和0.7;起动风速分别为14、13、12m·s-1和6m·s-1;平均风蚀模数分别为22.3、23.3、42.5kg·hm-·2h-1和543.6kg·hm-·2h-1;输沙率分别为0.1、0.1、0.2g·m-·2min-1和23.3g·m-·2min-1。依据粗糙度、起动风速、风蚀模数和输沙率评判,4种主要地表类型的抗风蚀效果依次为,冬油菜>冬小麦>麦茬>,春播最差。因此,推广冬油菜、冬小麦等越冬作物的种植是解决我国北方风蚀区农田土壤风蚀、土地沙漠化以及根治沙尘暴尘源的有效途径和措施。
The Hexi Corridor region is a wind-eroded area in the north of China. Wind-tunnel simulation experiments were conducted on the surface types (treatments) of four types of farmland including winter rape, winter wheat, wheat stubble and spring sowing in Hexi Corridor. Wind erosion resistance effects of the treatments were compared. The results showed that the surface roughness of winter rapeseed, winter wheat, wheat stubble and spring sowing were 4.2, 4.1, 3.9 and 0.7, respectively; the wind speed of starting was 14, 13, 12m · s-1 and 6m · s-1, The moduli were 22.3, 23.3, 42.5 kg · hm-2h-1 and 543.6 kg · hm-2h-1 respectively. The sediment transport rates were 0.1, 0.1, 0.2g · m- · 2min-1 and 23.3g · m- · 2min-1. According to the evaluation of roughness, starting wind speed, wind erosion modulus and sediment transport rate, the wind erosion resistance effects of the four main types of surface soil were as follows: winter rape> winter wheat> wheat stubble>, and spring sowing was the worst. Therefore, the promotion of winter rapeseed, winter wheat and other winter crops planting is to solve wind farmland erosion in northern China soil erosion, land desertification and dust source effective ways and means of dust control.