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挤压型高压电缆用聚合物材料在直流电场作用下，空间电荷的分布具有极性效应。为了揭示引起极性效应的物理机制，该文引入双极电荷传输模型，考虑了双极性电荷的复合、俘获、脱陷等传输过程以及电极表面电荷的注入。通过参数化分析，辨别影响阴极和阳极空间电荷与电场非对称分布的主要物理参数。然后利用该模型仿真了均匀直流电场下聚丙烯空间电荷和电场分布，并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明：聚丙烯空间电荷的非对称分布主要由迁移率和脱阱势垒决定，聚丙烯电场的非对称分布主要由迁移率和注入势垒决定，可为聚合物材料的调控提供理论依据。“,”Polarity effect on space charge distributions can be found within high voltage extruded polymeric cables under DC electric fields. In order to reveal the physical mechanism of the polarity effect, a numerical model considering bipolar charge transport with recombination, trapping and detrapping in polymeric material as well as charge injection on electrode surfaces was introduced. The main physical parameters affecting the asymmetry space charge and electric field distributions at cathode and anode were distinguished by parametric analysis. Then the model was applied to analyze the space charge and electric field distributions in polypropylene (PP) under an uniform DC electric field and compared with the measured data. It is shown that the mobility and the detrapping barrier height lead to the asymmetrical distribution of space charge in PP, while the mobility and the injection barrier height lead to the asymmetrical distribution of electric field in PP. The results can provide a reference for the regulation and control of polymeric materials.