乳糜胸是新生儿呼吸窘迫鉴别诊断中罕见的疾病 ,却是新生儿期胸腔积液最常见的原因。发病率估计为出生婴儿中的 1/万至NICU中的 1/ 2 0 0 0 [1] 。从 1917年Pisek首先描述此病以来 ,对它的认识已将近一个世纪 ,病死率曾高达2 0 %～ 5 0 %。由于此病可引起严重的呼吸、营养和免 Chylothorax is a rare disease in neonatal respiratory distress differential diagnosis, but it is the most common cause of neonatal pleural effusion. The incidence is estimated at 1 in 10,000 births to 1 in 2000 in NICU [1]. Since Pisek first described the disease in 1917, it has been recognized for nearly a century and its case fatality rate has been as high as 20% to 50%. As the disease can cause severe breathing, nutrition and immunity