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为了对高效铣削淬硬模具钢SKD11的新型铣刀进行优选,对不同几何结构的铣刀加工得到的表面质量进行了分析。综合考虑了加工表面粗糙度、切屑微观形态、硬度及硬化层深度、残余应力分布和晶相组织结构变化等多方面因素,研究了不同铣刀的几何特性及其磨损特性对表面质量的影响。实验结果表明,前角5°,后角10°,刀尖圆弧半径为1mm,铣刀螺旋角为45°的几何结构铣刀完成了表面完整性试验中。此外,在淬硬钢铣削加工中合理地选择加工参数可以获得0.4μm的表面粗糙度;采用合理的正前角可以抑制锯齿形切屑的产生。铣削淬硬模具钢能在加工表面产生残余压应力,通过增加铣刀后角和抑制后刀面磨损可以推迟加工表面软化现象的发生。
In order to optimize the milling cutter for the efficient milling of hardened tool steel SKD11, the surface quality of milling with different geometries was analyzed. The effects of different milling cutter geometries and their wear characteristics on the surface quality were studied considering the surface roughness, the micro-morphology of the chip, the hardness and depth of the hardened layer, the residual stress distribution and the microstructure of the crystal phase. The experimental results show that the surface integrity test is completed on the geometrical milling cutter with the rake angle of 5 °, the relief angle of 10 °, the tip radius of 1 mm and the cutter helix angle of 45 °. In addition, in the hardened steel milling process to choose the reasonable processing parameters can be obtained 0.4μm surface roughness; the use of reasonable positive angle can inhibit sawtooth chip production. Milling the hardened tool steel can produce residual compressive stress on the machined surface, which can delay the softening of the machined surface by increasing the clearance angle of the milling cutter and inhibiting the flank wear.