脂肪栓塞(以下简称脂栓)是骨折并发症之一。由于临床工作者对它的警惕性和诊断技术的提高,诊断率逐渐增加。本文综合国外文献报导,对其发病情况、临床表现、诊断、预防,治疗及预后概述如下: 发病情况脂栓多见于骨折后发生,尤以股骨和骨盆骨折最多见。创伤(机械的或热的)愈严重发病率愈高,症状也严重。外科手术(剖腹术、剖胸术、骨或软组织手术、尿道手术等)均可发生。一些内科疾病(胶元性疾病、血红蛋白病、肝脏疾病、柯兴样状态(cushin-goid states)、糖尿病、中毒)也可发生。此外,高空飞行、大量使用皮质激素、胸外心脏按摩均有报告发生脂栓的。许多临床工作者注意到脂栓与休克关系十分密切。有人认为休克增加伤处脂肪的吸收;有的注意到休克肺的蓄积作用和肺脂栓的关系;也有人认为脂栓可以是感染本身的直接后果或由于同时存在的败血症休克所致。较长期的高脂饮食可能增加脂栓发病的机会。发病年龄自新生婴儿至八十余岁老年 Fat embolism (hereinafter referred to as fat bolt) is one of the complications of fractures. Due to the vigilance of clinical workers and the improvement of diagnostic techniques, the diagnostic rate gradually increased. This article comprehensive foreign literature, its incidence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and prognosis are summarized as follows: The incidence of lipid bolt more common in fractures occurred, especially in femoral and pelvic fractures the most common. The more severe the trauma (mechanical or hot) is, the more severe the symptoms are. Surgery (laparotomy, thoracotomy, bone or soft tissue surgery, urethral surgery, etc.) can occur. Some medical conditions (gum disease, hemoglobinopathy, liver disease, cushin-goid states, diabetes, poisoning) can also occur. In addition, high altitude flights, extensive use of corticosteroids, chest and heart massage are reported fat bolt. Many clinicians have noticed that the lipid bolt is very closely related to shock. Some people think that shock increases the absorption of fat in the wounds; some noticed the accumulation of shock lungs and the relationship between pulmonary embolism; it was also suggested that the lipid embolism may be the direct result of the infection itself or due to the simultaneous septic shock. Longer-term high-fat diet may increase the chance of lipid embolism. The age of onset from newborn babies to 80-year-old elderly