Column leaching experiments with ion adsorption-type rare earth ores for different lixiviant concentrations and different column heights were carried out. A mathematical model of column leaching was constructed based on the experimental data. Two parameters (a and b) in the model were determined according to the following methodology: the ore column was divided into several units; each unit was treated with multiple leaching steps. The leaching process was simulated as a series of batch leaching experiments. Parameter a of the model was de-termined based on the selectivity coefficient of the balanced batch leaching experiment. Further, the influences of ammonium sulfate concen-tration, rare earth grade, column height, permeability coefficient, and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient on the extraction were analyzed. Re-lationships between parameter b, the ammonium sulfate concentration, and the physical and mechanical properties of the ore column, were ex-amined using dimensional analysis. It was determined that the optimal ammonium sulfate concentration for different column heights (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 cm) using the mathematical model were 5.9, 6.2, 7.3, and 7.7 g/L, respectively. The mathematical model can be used to estimate the breakthrough curve, leaching rate, and leaching period of rare earth ores, to achieve optimal extraction.