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近年来由于第三方施工造成的管道破坏事件频频发生,管道安全防护问题受到广泛关注,急需长距离油气管道实时安全防护技术从而保障管道安全运行。管道安全预警技术可通过埋设在土壤中的传感器采集信号,实现对人为活动的识别和判断。目前,常用的管道安全预警技术主要包括光纤传感和地震波检测。根据采用的光学原理的不同,光纤传感类管道安全预警技术可分为MachZehnder型、Sagnac型、Bragg光纤光栅型及Φ-OTDR型4类。在此对光纤传感类管道安全预警技术和地震波检测类安全预警技术进行了综合分析,从技术原理、占用光纤数量、监测距离、灵敏度和识别效果等几个方面对各项技术进行了比较,给出了各项技术的优缺点,可为今后油气管道安全预警技术的选择和应用提供有益参考。
In recent years, due to frequent occurrence of pipeline destruction caused by the third-party construction, the issue of pipeline safety protection has drawn wide attention and the real-time safety protection technology of long-distance oil and gas pipelines is urgently needed to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline. Pipeline safety warning technology can be buried in the soil by the sensor signal acquisition to achieve the recognition and judgment of human activities. At present, the commonly used pipeline safety warning technology mainly includes optical fiber sensing and seismic wave detection. According to the different optical principles used, optical fiber sensing pipeline safety early warning technology can be divided into MachZehnder type, Sagnac type, Bragg fiber grating type and Φ-OTDR type 4. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis is made on the safety early-warning technology of optical fiber sensing type pipelines and the safety early-warning technology of seismic wave detection. The technologies are compared from several aspects such as the technical principle, the amount of occupied optical fibers, the monitoring distance, the sensitivity and the recognition effect, Given the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, which can provide useful reference for the future selection and application of early warning technology for oil and gas pipelines.