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用于治疗开角型青光眼的药物,依其作用的基本方式,可分为三种主要类型:(1)使房水排出增加,而不影响房水生成的药物。例如胆碱能兴奋剂(匹罗卡品和N-脱甲基氨甲酰胆碱);胆碱酯酶抑制剂(毒扁豆碱和二乙氧膦酰硫胆碱);以及房水排出阻力减低剂(依地酸和细胞松弛素B)。(2)使房水生成减少,而不影响房水排出的药物。如碳酸酐酶抑制剂(乙酰唑胺)和β-肾上腺素能阻断剂(噻吗心安)。(3)对房水排出和生成都有影响的药物。如肾上腺素能兴奋剂(肾上腺素和异丙肾上腺素),以及大麻。青光眼的治疗,从匹罗卡品和毒扁豆碱应用于临床一百多年以来,几无甚进展。直到1977年发现了噻吗心安,才有所突破。一、噻吗心安(Timolol) 该药是一种β-肾上腺素能阻断剂(以下简称β阻断剂)。1978年该药以商品名称“Timoptic”首次投放市场。噻吗心安对正常人和青光眼患者都有降低眼压的作用,且作用迅速。临床使用噻吗心安的浓
The drugs used to treat open-angle glaucoma can be divided into three main types according to their basic mode of action: (1) drugs that increase aqueous humor output without affecting aqueous humor production. Such as cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine and N-demethylchocarbine); cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine and diethylphosphonochlorothiocholine); and aqueous humor discharge resistance Reducing agents (edetic acid and cytochalasin B). (2) to reduce the formation of aqueous humor, without affecting the discharge of aqueous humor. Such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) and β-adrenergic blockers (timolol). (3) on the discharge of aqueous humor and have a impact on the drug. Such as adrenergic stimulants (epinephrine and isoproterenol), and marijuana. Glaucoma treatment, from pilocarpine and physostigmine applied to clinical over a hundred years, few progress. Until 1977 found timolol, only a breakthrough. First, Timolol (Timolol) This drug is a β-adrenergic blocker (hereinafter referred to as β blockers). The drug was first introduced to the market in 1978 under the trade name “Timoptic”. Thiophene Xin on normal and glaucoma patients have to reduce the role of intraocular pressure, and the role of rapid. Clinical use of timolol concentration