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自本世纪以来,电弧的应用不断增加。50年代末期以来,由于空间技术的发展(主要是高温环境模拟设备的需要和高比冲空间推进器的研究),电弧加热技术的水平有很大提高。这也促进了电弧加热技术在各种科学技术领域中的研究和应用。现在除了在空间技术中的应用以外,电弧加热在加工工艺、高强度光源、化工、石油、金属冶炼、钻岩、激光等领域内都有新的研究和应用。有关的基本研究,如电弧和等离子体的研究,物理气体动力学和化学气体动力学也大量开展。表1列出了目前电弧加热技术的某些应用,包括已推广使用的和正在研究发展的项目。
The use of electric arcs has been increasing since this century. Since the late 1950s, due to the development of space technology (mainly the need of high-temperature environment simulation equipment and high specific impulse space propulsion), the level of arc heating technology has been greatly improved. This also promoted the arc heating technology in various fields of science and technology research and application. In addition to the application of space technology, arc heating has new research and application in the fields of processing technology, high-intensity light source, chemical industry, petroleum, metal smelting, rock drilling and laser. Related to the basic research, such as arc and plasma research, physical gas dynamics and chemical gas dynamics are also carried out in large quantities. Table 1 lists some of the current applications of arc heating technology, including those that have been promoted and under development.