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经济自由与社会平等之间的紧张问题是西方经济自由主义思潮内部一个基本的理论困境和制度设计的困厄。这在价值层面表现为经济自由与社会平等之间的冲突 ,在制度层面则表现为自律市场与政府干预之间的紧张。本文立足于西方自由经济思潮的这一基本困境 ,从经济思想史的角度 ,以自律市场与政府干预的关系问题为主线 ,分析了西方经济自由思想从古典自由主义到新自由主义、复至新古典自由主义形态演变的三部曲 ,并总结了其在处理市场与政府之关系问题上的经验教训 ,以期对当代中国的市场化改革有所裨益。
The tension between economic freedom and social equality is a basic theoretical predicament and system design distress in the western economic liberalism. This manifests itself as a conflict between economic freedom and social equality at the level of value, and at the institutional level as a tension between self-regulation market and government intervention. Based on the basic predicament of the trend of free economy in the West, from the perspective of the history of economic thought, taking the relationship between the self-discipline market and government intervention as the main line, this paper analyzes the changes of the western free economic thought from classical liberalism to neo-liberalism, The trilogy of the evolution of classical liberalism and summarizes its experience and lessons in handling the relationship between the market and the government in the hope of benefiting the marketization reform in contemporary China.