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约克静修所是18世纪贵格派教徒在约克城附近开设的一所私立疯人院,那里率先放弃对疯者的监禁、穿紧身衣、鞭笞及突然的冷水浴等治疗措施,而是采用了道德疗法。道德疗法被认为是一种基于善良原则之上、持续的温和及慈爱,鼓励患者通过自我约束达到治愈的目的,约克静修所的医护人员认为这是影响疯癫患者的唯一理性的方式。我们应该对约克静修所的道德疗法给予客观的、历史的评价,既看到其所起的积极作用,同时也要看到其历史局限。考察这一时期约克静修所的道德疗法,对理解疯癫治疗史的发展演变,以及从医疗社会史的角度理解英国社会的进步与历史发展,意义重大。
York Retreat is a 18th-century Quaker gecko in the city of York near the opening of a private asylum, where the first to give up the imprisonment of the insane, wearing tights, whipping and sudden cold water bath and other treatment measures, but the use of moral therapy. Moral therapy is considered to be based on the principle of goodness, sustained mildness and love, and encourage patients to achieve the goal of self-restraint, which is considered to be the only rationality of the insane patients by medical staff in the York retreat. We should give an objective and historical assessment of the moral therapy of York’s retreat, not only to see its active role, but also to see its historical limitations. Examining the moral therapy of York’s retreat during this period is of great significance in understanding the development and evolution of the history of madness and understanding the progress and historical development of British society from the perspective of medical social history.