病例对照研究,又称回顾性研究,是流行病学中主要的研究方法之一。这种方法是选取某种特定的病人作为病例并和不具有这种疾病的个体(对照)进行比较,以发现两组间可能存在的因素差异,从而解释疾病与危险因素(可疑病因)之间的联系及强度。病例对照研究通常用于评价由环境和工业暴露所引起的癌症的危险,进行药物效应的市场后监测,以及用于发现引起或阻止人类疾病发生的因素。因为病 Case-control study, also known as retrospective study, is one of the main research methods in epidemiology. This method involves comparing a particular patient to an individual who does not have the disease (control) to find possible differences between the two groups in order to explain the relationship between the disease and the risk factor (suspicious cause) The contact and strength. Case-control studies are often used to assess the risk of cancer caused by environmental and industrial exposures, post-market monitoring of drug effects, and to identify the factors that cause or prevent the onset of human disease. Because of illness