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目的探讨γ源放射事故受照者呕吐开始时间与全身吸收剂量之间的关系。方法采用STATA统计软件包对39例γ源放射事故受照者资料进行回顾性分析。结果全身吸收剂量等于或大于1Gy的受照者呕吐发生率(2227)显著大于剂量在1Gy以下的受照者(112,P<0.001)。出现呕吐的受照者,呕吐开始时间(TD,以h表示)与全身吸收剂量D(Gy)之间的关系符合幂函数模型,其方程式可描述为:TD=(17.45±1.77)D-(2.21±0.30)(n=23,F=50.01,P<0.01,经校正的R2=0.8099)。受照后呕吐开始时间在2h以内的P25、P50和P75剂量分别为4.1、7.6和11Gy;呕吐开始时间大于2h的P25、P50和P75剂量分别为2.0、2.4和2.6Gy。结论在突发核或放射事件可能涉及大量患者的情形下,呕吐开始时间可作为早期分类的一个快速而实用的观察指标,但应注意其局限性。
Objective To investigate the relationship between the onset time of vomiting and total body absorbed dose of γ radiation accident victims. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 39 irradiated patients with γ-ray radiation using STATA statistical package. Results The incidence of emesis (2227) in subjects with systemic absorbed doses equal to or greater than 1 Gy was significantly greater than those in subjects receiving doses below 1 Gy (112, P <0.001). The incidence of vomiting, vomiting start time (TD, in h) and the total absorbed dose D (Gy) in line with the power function model, the equation can be described as: TD = (17.45 ± 1.77) D- 2.21 ± 0.30) (n = 23, F = 50.01, P <0.01, corrected R2 = 0.8099). The doses of P25, P50 and P75 within 2 h after irradiation were 4.1, 7.6 and 11 Gy, respectively. The doses of P25, P50 and P75 with vomiting onset more than 2 h were 2.0, 2.4 and 2.6 Gy, respectively. Conclusions In the case of a sudden onset of nuclear or radiological events that may involve a large number of patients, the vomiting start time may serve as a quick and practical indicator of early classification, but its limitations should be noted.