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目的了解西安市手足口病流行特征,为制定手足口病防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2010-2013年西安市手足口病发病情况及流行特征进行统计分析。结果 2010-2013年西安市累计报告手足口病82 892例,年平均发病率为251.32/10万,其中死亡15例。每年出现两个发病波峰,5月份达到发病高峰,10-11月份又出现一个小波峰。患者主要分布在西安市城乡结合的地区,男女性别比例为1.48∶1;以4岁以下年龄发病为主,占总病例数的91.31%。发病以散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,占总病例数的97.18%。病毒分型2010年主要为Cox A16(44.29%);2011和2012主要为EV71(分别为65.13%和63.30%);2013年则以其他肠道病毒为主(66.18%)。结论手足口病发病有明显的季节性和人群特点,加强以散居儿童为主的重点人群和以托幼机构为主的重点场所的监测管理、健康教育和消毒处理工作是预防控制手足口病的关键措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xi’an and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of hand, foot and mouth disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and prevalence of HFMD in Xi’an in 2010-2013. Results A total of 82 892 HFMD cases were reported in Xi’an from 2010 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 251.32 / 100 000, of which 15 died. Two incidence peaks occur each year, reaching the peak incidence in May, and a small peak emerges from October to November. The patients were mainly distributed in the urban-rural areas of Xi’an. The male-female ratio was 1.48:1. The incidence was less than 4 years old, accounting for 91.31% of the total cases. The incidence of diaspora and child care-based children, accounting for 97.18% of the total number of cases. The virus classification was mainly Cox A16 (44.29%) in 2010; mainly EV71 (65.13% and 63.30%) in 2011 and 2012; and other enterovirus infections in 2013 (66.18%). Conclusions The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease is obviously seasonal and crowd characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of the key population mainly of scattered children and the key places of nurseries and kindergartens. Health education and disinfection work is to prevent and control hand-foot-mouth disease The key measure.