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随着全球化经济的不断发展,跨国企业侵犯人权的现象不断加深。以约束性国际规范来管理跨国公司的行为成为联合国在工商业领域的重要议程。《关于跨国公司及其他商业实体的人权责任规则》草案制定了一系列跨国企业保护人权的权利标准,但该草案存在调整主体范围和权利清单难以确认的问题,为国家和企业设定同等的人权保护义务机制也遇到了挑战。人权与跨国公司和其他工商企业问题特别代表作为一项联合国在工商业与人权领域的保护机制,梳理了工商业与人权领域的国际规范和实践,强调了国家的保障义务和公司侵犯人权的责任追究。工商业与人权国际法保护机制的发展,离不开国家体制性规范来裁判企业有害行为,也离不开企业的自我管制。
As the global economy continues to evolve, the phenomenon of transnational corporations’ human rights abuses has been deepening. The management of multinational corporations with binding international norms has become an important agenda of the United Nations in the field of business and industry. The draft rules on the responsibility of human rights of transnational corporations and other commercial entities set out a series of standards for the rights of multinational corporations in the protection of human rights. However, the draft has the problem of adjusting the scope of subjects and the list of rights that are difficult to confirm, and setting equal human rights for countries and enterprises Protection of voluntary mechanisms also encountered challenges. As a United Nations protection mechanism in the fields of business, commerce and human rights, the UN special representative on human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises has sorted out international norms and practices in the field of business, commerce and human rights, and emphasized the state’s guarantee obligations and the company’s accountability for human rights violations. The development of the protection mechanism of international law on business, commerce and human rights can not be ruled out by the state’s institutional norms to judge the harmful behaviors of enterprises, and it is also inseparable from the self-regulation of enterprises.