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从电解质对非电解质在水中溶解度的影响来考察盐、水、非电解质之间的相互作用,属于盐效应;从非电解质对盐的溶解度的影响来考察上三者的相互作用,属于介质效应。Born认为离子是一个电荷均匀分布在表面上的刚性硬球,而溶剂则是具有介电常数D的连续介质,从静电理论,他推导出著名的Born公式。后来,许多著者用Born模型去研究介质效应和介电常数的关系,不都很成功。Gross和Kahn指出静电理论不能正确地预示介质效
The effect of electrolyte on the solubility of non-electrolyte in water to investigate the interaction between salt, water and non-electrolyte belongs to the salt effect. The interaction between the three is investigated by the effect of non-electrolyte on the solubility of salt, which belongs to the medium effect. Born thought the ion was a rigid hardball with a uniform charge distribution on the surface, whereas the solvent was a continuous medium with a dielectric constant D. From electrostatic theory, he deduced the famous Born formula. Later, many authors used the Born model to study the relationship between dielectric effect and dielectric constant, and not all succeeded. Gross and Kahn pointed out that electrostatic theory can not predict the medium effect correctly