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目的比较分析青少年肌阵挛癫痫(J ME)和睡眠肌阵挛(SM)的临床和脑电图(EEG)特点。方法对20例J ME患者和25例SM进行分析。结果J ME多见于青春期发病,有遗传性,男女无差别,常在清醒时表现为双侧单一或反复的不规则无节律的肌阵挛发作,无意识障碍,可伴全身强直阵挛性发作(GTCS),少有失神,易被剥夺睡眠和闪光诱发,EEG示快而弥漫的不规则棘慢波和多棘慢波复合;SM可见于各年龄组,在入睡不久出现肢体或手指不自主、无规律地抽动一下,双侧不同时出现,发作频率和动作幅度不等,EEG监测在肢体抖动时,亦无异常放电。结论J ME是一种遗传性、与年龄相关的以肌阵挛发作为主的癫痫综合征,其预后好;SM是一种无需治疗的生理现象。
Objective To compare clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (J ME) and sleep muscle myoclonus (SM). Methods Twenty patients with J ME and 25 patients with SM were analyzed. Results J ME more common in adolescent onset, hereditary, men and women no difference, often in the awake manifestations of bilateral unilateral or repeated irregular rhythmless myoclonic seizures, unconsciousness may be associated with generalized tonic clonic seizures ( GTCS), few absences, easy to be deprived of sleep and flash-induced, EEG showed fast and diffuse irregular spike and slow spike and spike-wave complex; SM can be found in all age groups, shortly after falling asleep or finger involuntary, Irregularly twitch, both sides do not appear at the same time, seizure frequency and range of motion, EEG monitoring limb jitter, no abnormal discharge. Conclusions J ME is a hereditary, age-related epilepsy syndrome characterized mainly by myoclonic attack and has a good prognosis; SM is a physiologic phenomenon that requires no treatment.