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目的探讨高海拔特殊作业环境下作业工人的职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法以海拔2 850m的某石油加工企业作业人员为调查对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对636名技术工人和198名管理人员进行职业紧张状况调查,OSI-R量表由职业任务量表(ORQ)、紧张反应量表(PSQ)和应对资源量表(PRQ)组成。结果总量表和3个子量表的克朗巴赫α系数均大于0.8;技术工人组ORQ平均得分(155.38±22.85)高于管理人员组(147.57±20.73)(P<0.05),技术工人组PSQ平均得分(100.83±22.73)高于管理人员组(91.94±20.57)(P<0.05),技术工人组PSQ平均得分(124.63±19.25)低于管理人员组(128.84±16.88)(P<0.05)。PSQ与ORQ得分呈正相关关系(r=0.66,P<0.05),PSQ与PRQ得分呈负相关关系(r=-0.61,P<0.05)。技术工人组职业紧张反应的影响因素有(从强者弱)任务不适、任务界限、理性处事、休闲、社会支持、年龄、责任和工作环境,管理人员组职业紧张反应的影响因素(从强者弱)有任务界限、理性处事、任务不适、工作环境和任务过重。结论针对技术工人和管理人员的职业紧张影响因素,应采取特异性的健康促进和心理干预措施,以预防和缓解职业紧张。
Objective To explore occupational stress and its influencing factors of working workers in special working environment at high altitude. Methods Taking a petroleum processing enterprise worker at an altitude of 2 850m as the investigation object, occupational stress was surveyed by OSI-R on 636 skilled workers and 198 managers. The OSI-R scale was composed of professional tasks ORQ, PSQ and PRQ. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the total scale and the three sub-scales were all higher than 0.8. The average ORQ score of technical workers was 155.38 ± 22.85, higher than that of management (147.57 ± 20.73) (P <0.05) (100.83 ± 22.73) was higher than that of management group (91.94 ± 20.57) (P <0.05). PSQ average score of technical workers group was lower than that of management group (124.63 ± 19.25) (128.84 ± 16.88) (P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between PSQ and ORQ score (r = 0.66, P <0.05). There was a negative correlation between PSQ and PRQ score (r = -0.61, P <0.05). The influencing factors of occupational stress in technical workers group are: (from strong to weak) factors of job stress, task dissonance, rational service, leisure, social support, age, responsibility and work environment, Weak) Task boundaries, rational approach, mission discomfort, work environment and over-commitment. Conclusion According to the occupational stress factors of skilled workers and managers, we should adopt specific health promotion and psychological interventions to prevent and relieve occupational stress.