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目的通过对艾滋病合并肺结核病例的回顾分析,探讨艾滋病合并结核病的流行病学特点及临床特征。方法对本院2005年1月至2008年12月住院的250例艾滋病患者中并发结核感染的38例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果艾滋病合并结核病,其感染率为13.72%。职业分布以农民和无业人员居多(76.32%)。静脉吸毒为主要感染途径,其次为性传播。临床表现有发热(92.10%),咳嗽、咳痰(84.21%),消瘦、乏力(92.10%),胸痛、胸闷(52.63%),局部淋巴结肿大(18.42%)等。X线胸片和(或)CT:以中下肺浸润病灶、胸膜炎及纵隔淋巴结肿大为主。痰菌阳性5例(13.16%),结核菌素试验阳性6例(15.79%)。结论艾滋病患者合并结核病发病率高,尤其以中下肺浸润病灶及胸膜炎多见,结核菌素试验、痰结核菌检查阳性率低,临床表现复杂多样。
Objective To review the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) through retrospective analysis of cases of HIV-associated tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with tuberculosis infection in 250 AIDS patients hospitalized from January 2005 to December 2008 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results AIDS-associated tuberculosis, the infection rate was 13.72%. The occupations are mostly farmers and unemployed persons (76.32%). Intravenous drug use as the main route of infection, followed by sexually transmitted. Clinical manifestations were fever (92.10%), cough, expectoration (84.21%), weight loss, fatigue (92.10%), chest pain, chest tightness (52.63%), local lymph node enlargement (18.42%) and so on. X-ray and (or) CT: mainly in the infiltration of lung lesions, pleurisy and mediastinal lymph nodes based. The sputum positive in 5 cases (13.16%), tuberculin test was positive in 6 cases (15.79%). Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis in AIDS patients is high, especially in the infiltration of lung lesions and pleurisy more common, tuberculin test, sputum TB test positive rate is low, the clinical manifestations of complex and diverse.