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目的评价延安市实施新生儿接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)后取得的预防效果。方法分析全市乙肝发病、HepB接种率和2002、2006年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法进行乙肝血清学的调查资料,采用SPSS 12.0进行整理分析,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 HepB接种率逐年提高,调查接种率由2002年的88.21%上升到2008年的97.18%,HepB1调查及时接种率由2002年的46.67%上升到2008年的93.59%,各年之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=116.78,P<0.01);医院出生新生儿的HepB1及时接种率明显高于在家出生的新生儿;4岁以下儿童乙肝发病率在新生儿实施HepB接种前的2001年为21.50/10万,以后呈逐年下降趋势,到2008年下降到10.05/10万;1～4岁HBsAg阳性率由2002年的3.03%下降到2006年的1.64%,1～4岁抗-HBs阳性率由2002年的14.76%上升到2006年的67.21%。结论全市实施新生儿接种HepB后,4岁以下儿童乙肝发病率和HBsAg阳性率明显下降,抗-HBs阳性率迅速上升,表明延安市新生儿HepB接种工作已取得良好效果。
Objective To evaluate the prophylactic effect of HepB vaccine in newborns in Yan’an city. Methods Hepatitis B incidence and HepB inoculation rate in the whole city were investigated. The data of serological investigation of hepatitis B in 2002 and 2006 were analyzed by multistage cluster random sampling method. The data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The Chi-square test was used. The difference was significant (P <0.05) . Results The vaccination rate of HepB increased year by year. The inoculation rate increased from 88.21% in 2002 to 97.18% in 2008, and the timely inoculation rate in HepB1 increased from 46.67% in 2002 to 93.59% in 2008, with statistical differences between the years (Χ2 = 116.78, P <0.01). The timely vaccination rate of HepB1 in hospital-born newborns was significantly higher than that in newborns born at home. The incidence of hepatitis B in children under 4 years old was 21.50 / 100000, then showed a downward trend year by year, down to 10.05 / 100000; 1 to 4 years old HBsAg positive rate from 3.03% in 2002 dropped to 1.64% in 2006, 1 to 4 years of anti-HBs positive rate by From 14.76% in 2002 to 67.21% in 2006. Conclusion HepB vaccination of newborns in the city, the incidence of hepatitis B in children under 4 years old and HBsAg positive rate decreased significantly, the positive rate of anti-HBs increased rapidly, indicating that the HeBei neonatal vaccination work has achieved good results.