论文部分内容阅读
一、准确审题，理解题意
动笔前，应仔细阅读题中所给信息及材料。
1. 何种文体：记叙文、应用文或议论文。
2. 何种人称：第一人称、第二人称或第三人称。
3. 何种时态：记叙文尤其日记多以一般过去时为主，通知以将来时为主，说明文和议论文多以一般现在时为主。
二、抓住中心，拟出提纲
把内容要点和关键词语用短语形式列为提纲。在某一要点上不要重复，也不要加不着边际的内容。有同学以为写得越多，分数就越高，其实把要点表达清楚就行了。基础好的同学可以适当发挥；语言文字驾驭能力不强的同学，写得越多，问题暴露得越多。
三、选词造句，准确表达
选用合适的句型把要点扩展成完整的句子，每个句子至少包含一个主语和一个谓语，内容要点可用不同方式表达。写作过程中尽量使用我们学过的熟悉短语、句型，把要点扩展成符合英语表达习惯的句子。
1. 避免使用汉语式英语。汉语中没有主语的句子，英语写作中要想法找到主语；汉语中有主语的句子不一定是英语中的主语，可通过转换或借助常用句型，使其符合英文习惯。
·乘火车到北京要花将近3小时。
It takes nearly 3 hours to go to Beijing by train.或Its nearly 3 hours journey to Beijing by train.
·要想健康，经常锻炼。
If you want to be in good health/keep fit/healthy, youd better do exercise regularly.
·2011年3 月11日，日本东北部发生了大地震。
A powerful earthquake broke out in/happened in/hit/struck the northeast of Japan on Mar.11, 2011.
·过去30年里中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years.
2. 书面表达不同于翻译。对于不会表达的生词、要点，要换个角度把意思表达出来。
·他被北京大学录取了。
He has become a Beijing University student./He has been admitted to Beijing University./He has been accepted by Beijing University.
·我们欢聚一堂，载歌载舞。
We got/met together, singing and dancing.
·你可以在这放松身心，和外籍教师侃侃而谈，练习口语，还可以建立友谊。
You can have a good time here and talk with the foreign teachers. At the same time, you can practise your spoken English and develop the friendship.
You can relax yourself by chatting with the foreign teachers so as to improve your oral English, and you can make friends there as well.
·我希望有机会去周游世界，领略各种文化。
I hope that I can have a chance to knock about the world and enjoy/experience the different cultures.
3. 尽量使用高级词汇、短语及复杂结构，展现具备较强的语言运用能力。
·I think this dictionary is very useful for us to learn English well.（一般）
In my opinion, this dictionary is of greatuse for us to learn English well.（高级）
·I went to your house this morning, but you were not in.（一般）
I called at your house this morning, only to find that you happened to be out.（高级）
·I used to raise a pet cat in my home . I have much experience to look after animals.（一般）
I have kept a cat as a pet in my home for years, and therefore Ive got rich experience in looking after animals.（高级）
There was a time when I kept a cat as a pet in my home, so Im very experienced in looking after animals.（高级）
四、扩展成句，连句成篇
写好的单句要重新排列组合，使之前后连贯。要有效地使用恰当的关联词或句子，使文章过度自然，行文流畅，全文结构紧凑。
1. 注意句子的可读性。高考书面表达已不只局限于把意思表达完整。句子精要心构思。
·Tom is an American student. He comes from New York. He is interested in the culture of China. He studies at a university in China.
如果把上面几个简单句稍加润色，使用同位语、定语从句、原因状语从句后，整个句子读起来就更精彩。改为：Tom, an American student who comes from New York, studies at a university in China, because he is interested in the culture of China.
2. 注意句子的多样性。适当使用插入语、过度句，使文章上下文读起来通顺自然。
first, then, besides, last, above all,however, as a result, in my opinion, if so/necessary, such as, whats more，on the other hand等。
为了避免句型过于呆板和单调，考生要学会长句和短句、简单句和复合句交错使用。
英语中常见的酒店招聘写作：李华，20岁。性别：女。身高：1.65米。1991年12月25日出生于北京。爱好英语，善于交往，喜欢唱歌跳舞。有很多同学简单地直译成：
My name is Li Hua. Im a girl and 1.65 meters in height. I was born on December 25, 1991 in Beijing. This year Im 20 years old. I get along well with others. I like English and music and Im good at singing and dancing.
虽然上面几句也表达出基本信息，没有错误，但句子平淡无奇,如果整合一下改为：My name is Li Hua, a girl of 1.65 meters. I was born on December 25, 1991, in Beijing, so this year Im 20 years old. I believe Im fit for the job. First, I learn English so well that I can speak it smoothly. Second, I like music and Im good at singing and dancing. Besides, I get along well with others easily, which is especially useful for a waitress. I hope that I can be admitted to the hotel. 这样，简单句、复合句错落有致，增强了文章节奏感，既符合英语表达习惯，又条理清晰。
3. 要注意句子的复杂性。尽可能使用较多的词语和句式结构，灵活运用各种从句、非谓语动词、强调句型、倒装句、被动结构和其它常见句型等。
·当今的青少年对上网非常感兴趣，令家长和教师非常担心。
Its said that surfing the Internet is more popular with teenagers, which makes their parents and teachers worried a lot.
·高考后我将在家陪伴父母。
After the college entrance examination,Ill spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them and doing some housework.
·对于中国学生来说，在国外一年的生活和学习是很不容易的。
It is not easy for Chinese students to study and live in another country for a year.
It may be pretty challenging for Chinese students to live abroad for a school year.
·直到她摘下眼镜我才认出她是个电影明星。
I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
五、巧妙结尾，画龙点睛
注意文章首尾呼应和结尾技巧。把含义深刻的话语放在句尾，以点明主题。
·Id appreciate it if you let me know whether you can accept my interview as soon as possible.
·Your timely reply would be much appreciated.
·As a good teacher and friend, Mr. Li is respected and loved by all of us.
·In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.
六、仔细检查，认真抄写
写完初稿，只要时间允许，就要认真检查、修改，检查内容包括：要点是否齐全，语法是否正确，拼写及大小写是否妥当。然后根据卷面，认真安排，把内容安排在9—11行内写完，全文最好分为三至四段，至少三段。
书写要工整、规范，确保清晰、美观。阅卷者凭第一印象归档，因此clean and clear 的书写是高分前提。
作者简介：王东林，高级教师，执教于贵州遵义航天高级中学，发表文章多篇。
责任编辑 张丹凤
动笔前，应仔细阅读题中所给信息及材料。
1. 何种文体：记叙文、应用文或议论文。
2. 何种人称：第一人称、第二人称或第三人称。
3. 何种时态：记叙文尤其日记多以一般过去时为主，通知以将来时为主，说明文和议论文多以一般现在时为主。
二、抓住中心，拟出提纲
把内容要点和关键词语用短语形式列为提纲。在某一要点上不要重复，也不要加不着边际的内容。有同学以为写得越多，分数就越高，其实把要点表达清楚就行了。基础好的同学可以适当发挥；语言文字驾驭能力不强的同学，写得越多，问题暴露得越多。
三、选词造句，准确表达
选用合适的句型把要点扩展成完整的句子，每个句子至少包含一个主语和一个谓语，内容要点可用不同方式表达。写作过程中尽量使用我们学过的熟悉短语、句型，把要点扩展成符合英语表达习惯的句子。
1. 避免使用汉语式英语。汉语中没有主语的句子，英语写作中要想法找到主语；汉语中有主语的句子不一定是英语中的主语，可通过转换或借助常用句型，使其符合英文习惯。
·乘火车到北京要花将近3小时。
It takes nearly 3 hours to go to Beijing by train.或Its nearly 3 hours journey to Beijing by train.
·要想健康，经常锻炼。
If you want to be in good health/keep fit/healthy, youd better do exercise regularly.
·2011年3 月11日，日本东北部发生了大地震。
A powerful earthquake broke out in/happened in/hit/struck the northeast of Japan on Mar.11, 2011.
·过去30年里中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years.
2. 书面表达不同于翻译。对于不会表达的生词、要点，要换个角度把意思表达出来。
·他被北京大学录取了。
He has become a Beijing University student./He has been admitted to Beijing University./He has been accepted by Beijing University.
·我们欢聚一堂，载歌载舞。
We got/met together, singing and dancing.
·你可以在这放松身心，和外籍教师侃侃而谈，练习口语，还可以建立友谊。
You can have a good time here and talk with the foreign teachers. At the same time, you can practise your spoken English and develop the friendship.
You can relax yourself by chatting with the foreign teachers so as to improve your oral English, and you can make friends there as well.
·我希望有机会去周游世界，领略各种文化。
I hope that I can have a chance to knock about the world and enjoy/experience the different cultures.
3. 尽量使用高级词汇、短语及复杂结构，展现具备较强的语言运用能力。
·I think this dictionary is very useful for us to learn English well.（一般）
In my opinion, this dictionary is of greatuse for us to learn English well.（高级）
·I went to your house this morning, but you were not in.（一般）
I called at your house this morning, only to find that you happened to be out.（高级）
·I used to raise a pet cat in my home . I have much experience to look after animals.（一般）
I have kept a cat as a pet in my home for years, and therefore Ive got rich experience in looking after animals.（高级）
There was a time when I kept a cat as a pet in my home, so Im very experienced in looking after animals.（高级）
四、扩展成句，连句成篇
写好的单句要重新排列组合，使之前后连贯。要有效地使用恰当的关联词或句子，使文章过度自然，行文流畅，全文结构紧凑。
1. 注意句子的可读性。高考书面表达已不只局限于把意思表达完整。句子精要心构思。
·Tom is an American student. He comes from New York. He is interested in the culture of China. He studies at a university in China.
如果把上面几个简单句稍加润色，使用同位语、定语从句、原因状语从句后，整个句子读起来就更精彩。改为：Tom, an American student who comes from New York, studies at a university in China, because he is interested in the culture of China.
2. 注意句子的多样性。适当使用插入语、过度句，使文章上下文读起来通顺自然。
first, then, besides, last, above all,however, as a result, in my opinion, if so/necessary, such as, whats more，on the other hand等。
为了避免句型过于呆板和单调，考生要学会长句和短句、简单句和复合句交错使用。
英语中常见的酒店招聘写作：李华，20岁。性别：女。身高：1.65米。1991年12月25日出生于北京。爱好英语，善于交往，喜欢唱歌跳舞。有很多同学简单地直译成：
My name is Li Hua. Im a girl and 1.65 meters in height. I was born on December 25, 1991 in Beijing. This year Im 20 years old. I get along well with others. I like English and music and Im good at singing and dancing.
虽然上面几句也表达出基本信息，没有错误，但句子平淡无奇,如果整合一下改为：My name is Li Hua, a girl of 1.65 meters. I was born on December 25, 1991, in Beijing, so this year Im 20 years old. I believe Im fit for the job. First, I learn English so well that I can speak it smoothly. Second, I like music and Im good at singing and dancing. Besides, I get along well with others easily, which is especially useful for a waitress. I hope that I can be admitted to the hotel. 这样，简单句、复合句错落有致，增强了文章节奏感，既符合英语表达习惯，又条理清晰。
3. 要注意句子的复杂性。尽可能使用较多的词语和句式结构，灵活运用各种从句、非谓语动词、强调句型、倒装句、被动结构和其它常见句型等。
·当今的青少年对上网非常感兴趣，令家长和教师非常担心。
Its said that surfing the Internet is more popular with teenagers, which makes their parents and teachers worried a lot.
·高考后我将在家陪伴父母。
After the college entrance examination,Ill spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them and doing some housework.
·对于中国学生来说，在国外一年的生活和学习是很不容易的。
It is not easy for Chinese students to study and live in another country for a year.
It may be pretty challenging for Chinese students to live abroad for a school year.
·直到她摘下眼镜我才认出她是个电影明星。
I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
五、巧妙结尾，画龙点睛
注意文章首尾呼应和结尾技巧。把含义深刻的话语放在句尾，以点明主题。
·Id appreciate it if you let me know whether you can accept my interview as soon as possible.
·Your timely reply would be much appreciated.
·As a good teacher and friend, Mr. Li is respected and loved by all of us.
·In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.
六、仔细检查，认真抄写
写完初稿，只要时间允许，就要认真检查、修改，检查内容包括：要点是否齐全，语法是否正确，拼写及大小写是否妥当。然后根据卷面，认真安排，把内容安排在9—11行内写完，全文最好分为三至四段，至少三段。
书写要工整、规范，确保清晰、美观。阅卷者凭第一印象归档，因此clean and clear 的书写是高分前提。
作者简介：王东林，高级教师，执教于贵州遵义航天高级中学，发表文章多篇。
责任编辑 张丹凤