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为定量评价托木尔峰自然保护区森林的水源涵养能力,利用综合蓄水能力法,对台兰河上游雪岭云杉森林生态系统的林冠层截留量(C)、枯枝落叶层持水量(L)、土壤层蓄水量(S)及综合水源涵养能力进行估算和分析。结果表明:(1)研究区4样地中,林冠层截留量表现为中海拔云杉林(29.94mm)>较高海拔云杉林(20.56mm)>高海拔云杉林(11.72mm)>低海拔云杉杨树混交林(5.84mm),而茎流量则与之相反。(2)除中海拔云杉林外,各样地枯枝落叶未分解层平均厚度均大于半分解层;其中,未分解层的平均蓄积量中高海拔云杉林最大(79.32t/hm~2),半分解层为中海拔云杉林最大(59.47t/hm~2)。整体来看,枯枝落叶层的最大持水量大小依次为中海拔云杉林(32.55mm)>高海拔云杉林(31.05mm)>较高海拔云杉林(30.78mm)>低海拔云杉杨树混交林(12.84mm)。(3)4样地平均土壤容重变动范围为0.73~1.06g/cm~3;土壤孔隙度的平均值大小均为中海拔云杉林>较高海拔云杉林>高海拔云杉林>低海拔云杉杨树混交林;林下土壤自然含水率随海拔高度的增加呈不断上升趋势。不同样地30cm深土层的非毛管孔隙持水量表现为:中海拔云杉林(37.6mm)>较高海拔云杉林(30.7mm)>高海拔云杉林(25.73mm)>低海拔云杉杨树混交林(13.92mm)。(4)研究区森林生态系统的水源涵养能力在171.27~280.84mm之间,低海拔云杉杨树混交林的总持水量最小,中海拔云杉林最大。土壤层水源涵养贡献率最大,占比在77.75%~89.10%之间;总有效蓄水量虽远小于总持水量,但能够很好地发挥水源涵养功能和水土保持作用。
In order to quantitatively evaluate the water conservation capacity of the forest in Tuomor Peak Nature Reserve, the interception capacity of forest canopy (C), water holding capacity of litter layer (L), soil water storage (S) and comprehensive water conservation capacity were estimated and analyzed. The results showed as follows: (1) The canopy interception capacity in the four plots of the study area was mid-altitude spruce (29.94mm)> higher altitude spruce (20.56mm)> high altitude spruce (11.72mm) Low altitude spruce poplar mixed forest (5.84mm), while the stem flow is the opposite. (2) The average thickness of undegraded litter was higher than that of semi-decomposed layer except for mid-altitude spruce forest. Among them, the average volume of undegraded layer was the highest in high-altitude spruce forest (79.32t / hm ~ 2 ), And the semi-decomposed layer is the largest (59.47t / hm ~ 2) in mid-elevation spruce forest. Overall, the maximum water holding capacity of litter layer was middle elevation spruce (32.55mm)> high altitude spruce (31.05mm)> higher altitude spruce (30.78mm)> low altitude spruce Mixed forest of poplar (12.84mm). (3) The average soil bulk density ranged from 0.73 to 1.06 g / cm ~ 3 in four sample plots. The mean value of soil porosity was mid-elevation spruce forest> spruce forest at higher altitude> spruce forest at high altitude> low The elevation of spruce and poplar mixed forest at the altitudinal level increased with the increase of altitude. The non-capillary pore water holding capacity of 30cm soil depth in different plots was as follows: mid-altitude spruce forest (37.6mm)> higher altitude spruce forest (30.7mm)> high altitude spruce forest (25.73mm)> low altitude cloud Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest (13.92mm). (4) The water conservation capacity of forest ecosystems in the study area ranged from 171.27 to 280.84mm. The total water holding capacity of the mixed forest in the low-altitude spruce poplar was the smallest. The spruce forest was the largest in the middle-altitude. The contribution rate of water conservation in soil layer was the highest, accounting for 77.75% ~ 89.10%. Although the total effective water storage capacity was far less than the total water retention capacity, it could play a good role in water conservation and water and soil conservation.