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本文原是为全国污染源普查子项目——环境放射性调查项目培训班准备的教材。在编写过程中,原国家环境保护局组织编写的《电离辐射环境监测与评价》已于2007年12月出版,所以本文选用材料尽量少用该书的内容,新增的大部分内容可以作为学习或使用该书的补充材料。文中主要内容包括与检测方案设计相关的环境辐射检测与场地调查的部分基本概念,国家规程控制限值,天然放射性核素的一些基本特性,样品采集的统计抽样方法,各种辐射检测用的仪器,以及检测与分析方法等。根据目前环境放射性调查的国际最新进展和发展动向,本讲座对环境放射性调查的组织者(或项目负责人)和实际参于工作的技术人员,特别是非核专业的技术人员,深入理解和掌握环境放射性污染调查中的一些基本概念,以及采用什么仪器和方法,高质量地完成调查工作是有益的。
This article was originally prepared for the national pollution census subproject - Environmental Radiation Survey training courses. In the process of compilation, “Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of Ionizing Radiation”, which was originally compiled by the State Environmental Protection Administration, was published in December 2007, so we choose the materials to minimize the content of the book, most of the newly added content can be used as learning Or use the book’s supplementary material. The main contents of the paper include some basic concepts of environmental radiation detection and site investigation related to the design of detection schemes, the control limits of national regulations, some basic characteristics of natural radionuclides, statistical sampling methods for sample collection, various instruments for radiation detection , And detection and analysis methods. Based on the latest international developments and developments in environmental radiological surveys, this seminar provides an in-depth understanding of and understanding of the environment (including project managers) and technicians actually involved in the work, especially non-nuclear technicians Some of the basic concepts of radioactive contamination surveys, as well as the instruments and methods used, are good for completing surveys with good quality.