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关于产业生态化问题,1989年罗伯特·弗劳什和高乐普乐斯指出,传统的工业活动和生产模式由于具有线性的不可逆,因此,应该向产业生态系统这种闭环发展模式系统转换,在这一系统中,一个工业流程的废料可作为另一个流程的原料,废弃物的产出被最小化,能量和物质的消费得以优化。保罗·霍肯1993年在《商业生态学》一书中,概括出产业生态的定义:产业生态首次提供了一种大规模的、整合的
With regard to the issue of industrial ecology, Robert Frouch and Gao Lupu Lux pointed out in 1989 that because of the linear and irreversible nature of traditional industrial activities and production modes, the system should be systematically transformed into a closed-loop development model for industrial ecosystems. In this system, the waste of one industrial process can be used as the raw material of another process, the output of waste can be minimized, and the consumption of energy and material can be optimized. Paul Hoeken, in his book Business Ecology in 1993, outlined the definition of industrial ecology: for the first time, industrial ecology provided a large-scale, integrated