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中国庞大的人口数量曾经以人口红利释放的方式有力地推动了经济的高增长,但随着当前人口红利的消减,经济转型中人口数量的优势要继续发挥作用有赖于劳动效率的提高。文章认为管理对劳动的有效激励可以提高劳动努力程度从而提高劳动效率,因此通过管理实现的效率优势就体现在劳动效率的高低上,管理红利作为管理获得的效率优势或超额收益可以用劳动效率来替代。中美两国劳动效率数据比较结果表明中国存在管理红利,实证计量结果则表明管理红利对于中国经济增长的贡献达到了14.8%。基于此,认为中国应加大管理要素投入并提高管理对数量庞大的劳动者的有效激励,充分提高劳动努力程度,提升劳动效率,从而为稳定中国的中高速增长、推进供给侧改革做出更大的贡献。
The huge population of China once strongly promoted the high growth of economy by means of the demographic dividend release. However, with the current demographic dividend reduction, the advantage of the population in economic restructuring should continue to play its role due to the improvement of labor efficiency. The article argues that the effective management of labor incentives can improve the degree of labor efforts and thus improve labor efficiency, so the efficiency advantage achieved through management is reflected in the level of labor efficiency, management of dividends as management efficiency gains or excess benefits can be used to labor efficiency Alternative. The comparison of labor efficiency data between China and the United States shows that there is a management bonus in China, and the empirical measurement shows that the contribution of management bonus to China’s economic growth has reached 14.8%. Based on this, it is believed that China should increase input of management factors and improve management’s effective incentive to a large number of workers, fully improve labor intensity and improve labor efficiency, so as to stabilize China’s high-speed growth and promote supply-side reform Big contribution