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碳水化合物(CHO)补充对提高运动能力的重要性已经取得广泛认可。如何选择一种CHO并发挥其最佳效应已成为亟待解决的主要问题。本文综合国内外相关研究,力求对运动前CHO补充对运动前、运动中底物利用影响作较为全面的阐述。近20年里,有大量研究报道指出,血糖指数(GI)可潜在地影响运动能力。尽管研究结果并不一致,但运动前摄取低GI(low-GI)食物与等能量高GI(high-GI)食物相比,在后续运动中,可降低机体CHO氧化速度和提高脂肪氧化速度。葡萄糖和果糖分别作为high-GI和low-GI的CHO,但研究发现在摄取两种CHO的后续运动中,底物利用并无差异,包括肌糖原利用。已有的资料表明,这一结果可能是由于血糖指数和果糖的交互作用对底物利用的影响。
The importance of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation to increase exercise capacity has been widely recognized. How to choose a CHO and exert its best effect has become a major problem to be solved urgently. In this paper, a comprehensive domestic and international research, strive to pre-exercise CHO supplement on exercise before and during exercise in the use of substrate for a more comprehensive exposition. In the past 20 years, a large number of studies have reported that the glycemic index (GI) can potentially affect motor ability. Although the results were not consistent, pre-exercise intake of low-GI foods decreased the rate of CHO oxidation and the rate of fat oxidation during subsequent exercise as compared to equally high GI foods. Glucose and fructose were used as high-GI and low-GI CHO, respectively, but studies found no difference in substrate utilization during subsequent exercise of uptake of both CHO, including muscle glycogen use. The available data indicate that this result may be due to the influence of glycemic index and the interaction of fructose on substrate utilization.