基础科学、应用科学与生产技术的研究范畴显然是很不相同的,但是其间却没有严格的分界线.在古代的西方,前二者,包括人文科学的研究在内,统称为哲学,而自然科学则称为自然哲学.在那时,研究的面一般都是很广的.一个突出的例子是达·芬奇.他曾从事的科学研究领域,从天文、地质、生物、解剖、医学、工程、建筑、绘画以至飞行,无所不包.我国古代也是如此.如《梦溪笔谈》、《天工开物》等,也都是百科全书一类的著作. Obviously the research categories of basic science, applied science and production technology are very different, but in the meantime there is no strict dividing line between them.In ancient Western countries, the former two, including the study of humanities, were collectively referred to as philosophy while the nature Science is called natural philosophy, and at that time, research was generally very broad.A striking example is Leonardo da Vinci, who has worked in the field of scientific research from the fields of astronomy, geology, biology, anatomy, medicine, Engineering, architecture, painting and even flying, all-encompassing. The same is true in ancient China. Such as “Meng Xi Bi Tan”, “Heavenly Creations” and so on, are also encyclopedia books.