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雅斯贝尔斯提出了人类文明防御虚无主义的三大原则:一是理性主义原则;二是所谓“个体自我主体性”即人本主义原则;三是“世界在时间中的有形存在”即历史原则。这三大原则,均统领于雅氏阐述的欧洲现代性。在此基础上可以再补列三个原则:一是生活的逻辑,历史相对主义之所以难以通向虚无主义,就在于生活逻辑在“托底”。二是经典,经典既是被文明选定的肯定性精神价值的载体与象征,也通过面向解释活动开放从而巩固和扩展肯定性精神价值,脱离经典的解释活动即有可能滑入价值虚无主义。三是超越性,这是存在论性质的原则,超越体现但不限于超验,肯定性的精神价值有自身的经验基础,但须提升到存在论与信仰层面的超越性进行确证和解释。六大原则统摄于传统中,传统本身无疑是由历史向现代的持续转化,并在此过程中实现精神价值的保存传承与推陈出新。
Jaspers put forward the three principles of human civilization defensive nihilism: one is the principle of rationalism; the other is the so-called principle of “individual self-subjectivity” that is humanism; the third is “the visible existence of the world in time ”That is the principle of history. These three major principles all lead to the European modernity set forth by Yasser. On this basis, we can make up three principles: one is the logic of life, the reason why historical relativism is difficult to lead to nihilism, lies in the logic of life in “bottom ”. Second, the classic classics are not only the carrier and symbol of the affirmative spiritual value selected by civilization, but also the affirmative spiritual value is consolidated and expanded through the opening up of the interpretation-oriented activities, which may slide into the nihilistic value value. The third is transcendence. This is an existential principle. Surpassing but not limited to transcendental and affirmative spiritual values has its own empirical basis, but it must be ascertained to the extent that the transcendence of ontology and belief can be corroborated and explained. The six principles are taken from the tradition. The tradition itself is undoubtedly the continuous transformation from history to the modern times. In the process, the inheritance and innovation of the preservation of spiritual values are realized.