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目的了解流动儿童自尊、希望与抑郁的关系以及希望在自尊与抑郁间的中介效应,为降低流动儿童抑郁提供参考。方法方便抽取北京市和哈尔滨市776名流动儿童及265名本地儿童作为被试,完成二维自尊量表、儿童希望量表和Beck抑郁量表第2版问卷调查。结果流动儿童抑郁的检出率为24.74%(192/776)。女生抑郁得分(11.13±6.38)高于男生(9.76±6.02)(t=-2.86,P<0.01);流动时间<1年的儿童抑郁得分(11.15±5.22)高于流动时间在3年以上的儿童(10.13±6.19)(F=3.42,P<0.05)。自尊、希望及各因子与抑郁均呈负相关(P值均<0.05),自尊与希望呈正相关(P<0.05)。希望在自尊预测抑郁间起部分中介作用,直接效应和中介效应分别为-0.25,-0.19。结论自尊既能直接影响流动儿童抑郁,也可通过希望影响抑郁。
Objective To understand the relationship between self-esteem, hope and depression in migrant children and the mediation effect of hope on self-esteem and depression and to provide reference for reducing the depression of migrant children. Methods A total of 776 floating children and 265 local children in Beijing and Harbin were randomly selected as subjects to complete the questionnaire survey of 2-D self-esteem scale, children’s hope scale and Beck’s Depression Scale. Results The prevalence of depression in migrant children was 24.74% (192/776). The depression score of female students (11.13 ± 6.38) was higher than that of male students (9.76 ± 6.02) (t = -2.86, P <0.01). The depression score of children with flow time less than 1 year (11.15 ± 5.22) was higher than that of children with flow time above 3 years Children (10.13 ± 6.19) (F = 3.42, P <0.05). There was a negative correlation between self-esteem, hope and each factor and depression (P <0.05), and self-esteem and hope (P <0.05). Hoping to predict some of the depression between self-esteem playing a part of mediation, direct effects and intermediary effects were -0.25, -0.19. Conclusion Self-esteem can not only directly affect the depression of migrant children, but also affect the depression through hope.