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摘要:标点符号看似貌不惊人,微不足道,实则“八仙过海,各显神通”。因此,是否能正确理解和运用标点符号在高考英语中至关重要(尤其是在做复合句的选择题及对长句和难句的理解分析题时)。
关键词:标点 符号 运用 分析
在教学的过程中,我发现学生的英语作文普遍存在两个最大的问题:一个是通篇只有一段,另一个是通篇只有两种标点──段中的逗号和最后一句的句号。这两个毛病是英语写作中不可忽视的细节。标点符号在英语中占有一席之地,它是书面语言的有机组成部分。其主要功能在于精确地记录语言,帮助确切地表达自己的思想感情和理解别人的语言信息。如果在平时的教学和练习训练中,教师对英语中的标点作用不加以正确的提示和引导,那么,在做高考题时,学生往往会因为忽视标点的作用而丢分。相反,如果我们能把握标点符号,就能帮助我们正确答题。回顾历年的高考真题,就连单项选择题中都出现过一些利用标点符号设置陷阱的题目,更不用说在篇章理解中标点的意义有多大了。所以,标点符号看似貌不惊人,微不足道,实则“八仙过海,各显神通”。因此,是否能正确理解和运用标点符号在高考英语中至关重要(尤其是在做复合句的选择题及对长句和难句的理解分析题时)。下面,我结合自己几年的教学,谈谈小标点的大作为。
一、选项中的标点
对于选项中的标点,命题角度主要体现在交际语境中,通过问答形式来表达说话人和听话人的认识、语气和态度。 这种试题相比较而言,容易从交际情景及文化习惯加以判断。例如:
1 ---- My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year.----___C___
A Let’s go B Cheer up C Like what ? D Take care.
2 ---Let’s go to a movie after work,Ok? ----__B_____
A Not at alll B Why not? C Never mind D What of it?
分析 :第一题 说话人原来喜欢溜冰,但是“今年想尝试别的活动”, 显然听话人会问“喜欢什么?”, 为疑问语气, 所以用问号。 第二题答话人显然同意对方的意见,所以用“”作答。意为“那又怎样呢?或“那又什么了不起?”,不符合语境。
练一练
1 ----Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.
--- __C__I’m sure you have a wonderful time.
Sound good! B Very well C How nice! D All right
2 ----___C__ I didn’t hear you claearly. It’s too nosiy here.
----I was saying that the party was great.
A Repeat b Once again C Sorry? D So what
3 -----Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
----____A___ Have you got the first prize in the competition?
A What for? B Thanks a lot C Yes, I’d like to D Why not?
4 ----Excuse me. Can you spare me a few minute?
----____B___
A What’s on? B What’s up ? C What’s it ? D What’s more?
二、題干中的标点
对于题干中的标点,命题角度宽泛,往往以语境信息为依据,以说话人的愿望为出发点,通过不同的标点来表明说话人的语气,态度和观点。题干中设置的标点既能反映灵活多变的语境信息,又能充分考查考生的应变能力。例如:
1__B__ some of this juice ---- perhaps you will like it.
A Trying B Try C To try D Having tried
2 I’ve never seen anyone run so fast----___A____ David go.
A just watch B just to watch C just watching D just having watched
3I must be getting fat--- I can ___B__ do my trousers up .
A farily B hardly C neraly D seldom
分析:以上三题均是破折号的考查。第一题破折号起并列作用,相当于and,可与前面内容构成祈使句,故空处应填动词原形。第二题破折号仍起并列作用,连接两个分句,第二个分句是祈使句,在此起加强语气作用。第三题破折号起解释说明作用,由破折号前的句意“我肯定在发胖”, 后面作进一步说明,即“我的腰带几乎都系不上了”。
4 __B__ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A It B As C That D What
5 The factory half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% __A__ are sold abroad.
A of which B which of C of them D of that
6 Only half students, __A__ is about 30, passed the English exam.
A that B which C who D it
7 ____C___, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A Gerneral speaking B Speaking general
C Generally speaking D Speaking generally
8 -----Alice, you feed the bird,___B__? ---But I fed it yesterday.
A do you B will you C didn’t you D don’t you
9 On Saturday afternoon, Mr Green went to the market, __A__ some bananas and visited his cousin.
A bought B buying C to buy D buy
10 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, __B__ it more difficult.
A not make B not to make C not making D do not make
分析: 第四題至第十题,是从不同角度对逗号进行考查。第四题逗号反映了前后句之间的修饰关系,考查as引导的定语从句。概念不清的学生会联想 “It +be +…that”句式而误选A。第五题逗号反映了前后句之间的修饰关系,逗号后面为非限制性定语从句。若将逗号改为句号、分号或后面带并列连词,则选第六题乍看去逗号似乎反映了前后句之间的修饰关系,容易误选。其实命题者的意向是对前面内容的解释,that is(to say)有“即,也就是说”之意。第七题逗号表明它前面的部分是插入语。第八题逗号与添加的祈使句主语增加了试题难度。第九题此题考查几个并列谓语。当一个句子中出现多个谓语动词时,前面往往用逗号连接,最后两个用连接。第十题逗号表示并列关系,与前面的不定式对等,但意义相反,故应填不定式的否定式。
11 There was never any time for Kate: to feel lonely, __C__ she was an only child.
A ever since B now that C even though D even as
12 The results are as _C__: Philp Woods 1st, John Smith 2nd, Sam Carter 3rd.
A follow B following C follows D is to follow
13 Friendship is like money: easier made than _A__.
A kept B to be kept C keeping D being kept
分析:第11题至13题是对冒号的考查。第11题空白处缺少连词,根据题意应选C。第12题 as follows是个词组,意为“如下”, 其后的冒号表示列举。第13题 冒号后的比较句要对称, 即kept 与made相对,故答案选A
14 ---What should I do with the passage?
---____ the main idea of each paragraph.
A Finding out B Found out C Find out D To find out
15 _____ at the door before entering, please.
A Knocked B To knock C Knocking D Knock
分析: 上面两题是对句号的考查。第14题选C。 句末的句号说明这是一个省略了主语的句子。第15题选D。 这是个省略了主语的祈使句,空白处应填动词原形。
16 Why! I have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to say?
A What is it that B What it is that
C How is it that D How it is that
分析: 由句末问号可知该句为疑问句, 因此可以排除B、D两项.根据句意,正确答案为A
17 _____ from Beijing to London!
A How long way it is B What a long way is it
C How long way is it D What a long way it is
分析: 由句末的感叹句可知这是感叹句,句子应该用陈述语序。 因此可以排除B、C两项。又因句子的中心词为名词。故答案选D
英语中还有许多不同的标点,在使用的过程中起着不同的作用。在平时的练习中,我们应该学会正确运用标点符号,千万不能忽视标点符号,视它为细枝末节,雕虫小技。作为教师,在教学中要循序渐进地引导学生认识并正确分析标点符号的重要作用。所话说:“量的积累,达到质的飞跃。”只要平时多做多练,有目标地练习并且善于总结分析,我相信小小的标点不会成为莘莘学子迈向成功的绊脚石。
关键词:标点 符号 运用 分析
在教学的过程中,我发现学生的英语作文普遍存在两个最大的问题:一个是通篇只有一段,另一个是通篇只有两种标点──段中的逗号和最后一句的句号。这两个毛病是英语写作中不可忽视的细节。标点符号在英语中占有一席之地,它是书面语言的有机组成部分。其主要功能在于精确地记录语言,帮助确切地表达自己的思想感情和理解别人的语言信息。如果在平时的教学和练习训练中,教师对英语中的标点作用不加以正确的提示和引导,那么,在做高考题时,学生往往会因为忽视标点的作用而丢分。相反,如果我们能把握标点符号,就能帮助我们正确答题。回顾历年的高考真题,就连单项选择题中都出现过一些利用标点符号设置陷阱的题目,更不用说在篇章理解中标点的意义有多大了。所以,标点符号看似貌不惊人,微不足道,实则“八仙过海,各显神通”。因此,是否能正确理解和运用标点符号在高考英语中至关重要(尤其是在做复合句的选择题及对长句和难句的理解分析题时)。下面,我结合自己几年的教学,谈谈小标点的大作为。
一、选项中的标点
对于选项中的标点,命题角度主要体现在交际语境中,通过问答形式来表达说话人和听话人的认识、语气和态度。 这种试题相比较而言,容易从交际情景及文化习惯加以判断。例如:
1 ---- My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year.----___C___
A Let’s go B Cheer up C Like what ? D Take care.
2 ---Let’s go to a movie after work,Ok? ----__B_____
A Not at alll B Why not? C Never mind D What of it?
分析 :第一题 说话人原来喜欢溜冰,但是“今年想尝试别的活动”, 显然听话人会问“喜欢什么?”, 为疑问语气, 所以用问号。 第二题答话人显然同意对方的意见,所以用“”作答。意为“那又怎样呢?或“那又什么了不起?”,不符合语境。
练一练
1 ----Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.
--- __C__I’m sure you have a wonderful time.
Sound good! B Very well C How nice! D All right
2 ----___C__ I didn’t hear you claearly. It’s too nosiy here.
----I was saying that the party was great.
A Repeat b Once again C Sorry? D So what
3 -----Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
----____A___ Have you got the first prize in the competition?
A What for? B Thanks a lot C Yes, I’d like to D Why not?
4 ----Excuse me. Can you spare me a few minute?
----____B___
A What’s on? B What’s up ? C What’s it ? D What’s more?
二、題干中的标点
对于题干中的标点,命题角度宽泛,往往以语境信息为依据,以说话人的愿望为出发点,通过不同的标点来表明说话人的语气,态度和观点。题干中设置的标点既能反映灵活多变的语境信息,又能充分考查考生的应变能力。例如:
1__B__ some of this juice ---- perhaps you will like it.
A Trying B Try C To try D Having tried
2 I’ve never seen anyone run so fast----___A____ David go.
A just watch B just to watch C just watching D just having watched
3I must be getting fat--- I can ___B__ do my trousers up .
A farily B hardly C neraly D seldom
分析:以上三题均是破折号的考查。第一题破折号起并列作用,相当于and,可与前面内容构成祈使句,故空处应填动词原形。第二题破折号仍起并列作用,连接两个分句,第二个分句是祈使句,在此起加强语气作用。第三题破折号起解释说明作用,由破折号前的句意“我肯定在发胖”, 后面作进一步说明,即“我的腰带几乎都系不上了”。
4 __B__ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A It B As C That D What
5 The factory half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% __A__ are sold abroad.
A of which B which of C of them D of that
6 Only half students, __A__ is about 30, passed the English exam.
A that B which C who D it
7 ____C___, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A Gerneral speaking B Speaking general
C Generally speaking D Speaking generally
8 -----Alice, you feed the bird,___B__? ---But I fed it yesterday.
A do you B will you C didn’t you D don’t you
9 On Saturday afternoon, Mr Green went to the market, __A__ some bananas and visited his cousin.
A bought B buying C to buy D buy
10 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, __B__ it more difficult.
A not make B not to make C not making D do not make
分析: 第四題至第十题,是从不同角度对逗号进行考查。第四题逗号反映了前后句之间的修饰关系,考查as引导的定语从句。概念不清的学生会联想 “It +be +…that”句式而误选A。第五题逗号反映了前后句之间的修饰关系,逗号后面为非限制性定语从句。若将逗号改为句号、分号或后面带并列连词,则选第六题乍看去逗号似乎反映了前后句之间的修饰关系,容易误选。其实命题者的意向是对前面内容的解释,that is(to say)有“即,也就是说”之意。第七题逗号表明它前面的部分是插入语。第八题逗号与添加的祈使句主语增加了试题难度。第九题此题考查几个并列谓语。当一个句子中出现多个谓语动词时,前面往往用逗号连接,最后两个用连接。第十题逗号表示并列关系,与前面的不定式对等,但意义相反,故应填不定式的否定式。
11 There was never any time for Kate: to feel lonely, __C__ she was an only child.
A ever since B now that C even though D even as
12 The results are as _C__: Philp Woods 1st, John Smith 2nd, Sam Carter 3rd.
A follow B following C follows D is to follow
13 Friendship is like money: easier made than _A__.
A kept B to be kept C keeping D being kept
分析:第11题至13题是对冒号的考查。第11题空白处缺少连词,根据题意应选C。第12题 as follows是个词组,意为“如下”, 其后的冒号表示列举。第13题 冒号后的比较句要对称, 即kept 与made相对,故答案选A
14 ---What should I do with the passage?
---____ the main idea of each paragraph.
A Finding out B Found out C Find out D To find out
15 _____ at the door before entering, please.
A Knocked B To knock C Knocking D Knock
分析: 上面两题是对句号的考查。第14题选C。 句末的句号说明这是一个省略了主语的句子。第15题选D。 这是个省略了主语的祈使句,空白处应填动词原形。
16 Why! I have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to say?
A What is it that B What it is that
C How is it that D How it is that
分析: 由句末问号可知该句为疑问句, 因此可以排除B、D两项.根据句意,正确答案为A
17 _____ from Beijing to London!
A How long way it is B What a long way is it
C How long way is it D What a long way it is
分析: 由句末的感叹句可知这是感叹句,句子应该用陈述语序。 因此可以排除B、C两项。又因句子的中心词为名词。故答案选D
英语中还有许多不同的标点,在使用的过程中起着不同的作用。在平时的练习中,我们应该学会正确运用标点符号,千万不能忽视标点符号,视它为细枝末节,雕虫小技。作为教师,在教学中要循序渐进地引导学生认识并正确分析标点符号的重要作用。所话说:“量的积累,达到质的飞跃。”只要平时多做多练,有目标地练习并且善于总结分析,我相信小小的标点不会成为莘莘学子迈向成功的绊脚石。