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经典马克思理论将国际不平等交换的原因归结为劳动生产率的差异和技术上的垄断,理论的前提暗含着科技进步主要作用于劳动客观条件的这一事实。在当代经济全球化发展的背景下,这一前提假设已发生明显变化。国家间的技术差异和国际经济规则和制度制定权差异成为经济全球化条件下国际不平等交换的主要原因。在技术和制度的双重影响下,国际不平等交换应从形式和本质两个层面加以定义和讨论,至少呈现出三种状态。从动态角度来看,国际不平等交换并不是一个孤立静止的过程,其结果必然对资本流动、劳动力流动以及技术进步等产生一系列衍生性效应,继而对下一阶段的国际交换产生重要影响。
The classic Marx theory attributed the reason of international inequality exchange to differences in labor productivity and technological monopoly. The premise of theory implies the fact that scientific and technological progress mainly acts on objective conditions of labor. In the context of the current economic globalization, this assumption has changed significantly. The technical differences among countries and the differences in the formulation of international economic rules and systems have become the main reasons for the international inequalities in economic globalization. Under the dual influence of technology and system, the exchange of international inequalities should be defined and discussed from two aspects of form and essence, showing at least three states. From a dynamic point of view, international inequality exchange is not an isolated and static process. As a result, it will inevitably have a series of derivative effects on capital flow, labor mobility and technological progress, which in turn will have a significant impact on the international exchange in the next phase.