临床上在鉴别颈部肿块时,对分支杆菌性感染,应有所考虑。分支杆菌属,除结核杆菌外,尚有非结核性分支杆菌。后者引起的颈部淋巴腺炎,以Scrofulaceum分支杆菌最为常见,多见于1.5～5岁的儿童。但亦有报告最小7个月,最大12岁者;女性多见。累及颈部淋巴结的位置较高,多在下颌角下面或附近,亦可发生在耳前、腮腺部位及耳后,多为原发感染,一般不痛或很少疼痛,但可很快化脓,患病儿童一般情况 Clinic identification of cervical mass, the mycobacterial infection, should be considered. Mycobacterium, in addition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there are non-tuberculous mycobacterium. The latter caused by cervical lymphadenitis, with Scrofulaceum mycobacteria most common, more common in children 1.5 to 5 years of age. However, there are also reports of a minimum of 7 months, the maximum age of 12; women more common. Involved in the higher position of the cervical lymph nodes, mostly below or near the mandibular angle, can also occur in the ear, parotid parts and ears, mostly primary infection, usually pain or little pain, but can quickly purulent, The general situation of sick children