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目的:探讨保留12点纵行尿道黏膜的经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术(HoLEP)治疗中小体积良性前列腺增生(BPH)的效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年10月至2021年4月在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院收治的256例中小体积(30~60 ml)BPH患者的病例资料。早期(2018年10月至2020年6月)186例为常规组，接受不保留12点纵行尿道黏膜的HoLEP；后期(2020年7月至2021年4月)70例为改良组，接受保留12点纵行尿道黏膜的HoLEP。常规组和改良组的年龄[(70.5±4.4)岁与(68.5±3.2)岁]、最大尿流率(Qn max)[(7.5±2.8)ml/s与(7.5±2.1)ml/s]、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)[(20.3±4.6)分与(21.4±3.7)分]、生活质量(QOL)评分[(4.5±1.0)分与(4.2±1.4)分]、残余尿量[(126.9±29.4)ml与(132.2±32.3)ml]、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)[(1.5±1.3)ng/ml与(1.8±1.1)ng/ml]和前列腺体积[(48.1±11.1)ml与(48.0±12.7)ml]比较差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)。两组均采用“三叶法”剜除前列腺。改良组是在常规组的基础上于12点位置保留1条自膀胱颈至前列腺尖部的纵行尿道黏膜，技术改良如下：①于增生腺体与外科包膜间隙内剜除5点至1点的左侧叶及尖部；②对称于7点至11点剜除右侧叶及尖部；③于1点和11点处分别纵向切开膀胱颈至尖部的尿道黏膜，保留12点(1点至11点间)的纵行黏膜。比较两组的手术效果和术后并发症。n 结果:常规组和改良组在手术时间[(36.5±10.4)min与(40.7±9.7)min]、剜除腺体重量[(35.5±12.2)g与(31.6±10.4)g]、术后血红蛋白下降值[(6.1±2.2)g/L与(5.6±2.5) g/L]、术后住院时间[(1.2±0.2)d与(1.5±0.4)d]和留置尿管时间[(2.3±1.3)d与(2.0±1.0)d]方面差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)。252例获得随访，常规组183例，改良组69例，平均随访时间8.4个月。常规组和改良组术后IPSS分别为(5.4±2.3)分和(5.9±1.2)分，QOL评分分别为(1.5±0.3)分和(2.0±1.0)分，Qn max分别为(24.3±9.2)ml/s和(22.5±11.3)ml/s，残余尿量分别为(8.3±4.5)ml和(7.7±2.9)ml。与术前比较，常规组和改良组均明显改善，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。常规组和改良组的术后即时尿控率分别为85.2%(156/183)和98.6%(68/69)，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05). There were 252 patients for follow-up, including 183 cases in the conventional group and 69 cases in the modified group, and 4 cases were lost to follow-up. Mean time of follow-up was 8.4 months. In both groups, postoperative IPSS were 5.4±2.3 and 5.9±1.2 respectively, QOL1.5±0.3 and 2.0±1.0 respectively, Qn max(24.3±9.2)ml/s and (22.5±11.3)ml/s respectively and postvoid residual volume (8.3±4.5)ml and (7.7±2.9)ml respectively, which were significantly different from that before the operation (n P0.05). The postoperative immediate urinary continence rate of the conventional group and modified group were 85.2% (156/183), 98.6% (68/69), respectively, and two groups had statistical differences (n P<0.05). Incidence of postoperative bladder neck contraction were 4.4% (8/183) and 0 respectively in the conventional and modified group, whose difference was significant(n P<0.05).n Conclusions:HoLEP with preservation of longitudinal urethral mucosa at 12 o\'clock is the same effective as conventional operation in the treatment of BPH with small-medium gland, likewise it could significantly improve immediate urinary continence rate and reduce the incidence of bladder neck contraction.