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目的分析流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法,对三明市2004—2015年流行性腮腺炎的疫情信息和暴发资料进行分析。结果三明市2004—2015年累计报告流行性腮腺炎9 828例,年均发病率31.5/10万,无死亡。报告病例数前3位是永安市、沙县和梅列区(52.6%,5 166/9 828)。发病季节出现4~7月和12月至次年1月两个高峰,报告病例数分别占总病例数的52.5%和24.0%。男性病例数多于女性,性别比1.7∶1;年龄以5~9岁为主(43.2%);职业以学生为主(64.9%)。2004—2015年全市共报告暴发疫情19起,占各类传染病暴发疫情的30.2%(19/63)。结论应加强学校和托幼机构疫情监测和管理,抓好学生、托幼儿童等高发人群的防控措施。进一步完善腮腺炎疫苗免疫策略,形成持久和稳固的免疫屏障,以防止暴发和流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze epidemic information and outbreak data of mumps from 2003 to 2015 in Sanming City. Results A total of 9 828 mumps cases were reported in Sanming City from 2004 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 31.5 / 100 000 without death. The top three reported cases were Yongan, Shaxian and Meili (52.6%, 5 166/9 828). The onset season showed two peaks from April to July and from December to January of the following year, accounting for 52.5% and 24.0% of the total cases respectively. The number of males was more than that of females, with a sex ratio of 1.7: 1. The age was mainly between 5 and 9 (43.2%). The students were mainly students (64.9%). In 2004-2015, a total of 19 outbreaks were reported in the city, accounting for 30.2% (19/63) of outbreaks of various infectious diseases. Conclusion The epidemic situation monitoring and management should be strengthened in schools and nurseries, and prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent and control high-risk groups such as students and child care workers. To further improve the mumps vaccine immunization strategy to form a durable and stable immune barrier to prevent outbreaks and epidemics.