论文部分内容阅读
不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中可以作除谓语以外的各种成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
一、不定式作主语,通常我们都用it作形式主语
1.To help people is our duty.
→It is our duty to help people.帮助别人是我们的责任。
2.To get there took me two hours by bike.
→It took me two hours to get there by bike.骑自行车到那儿花了我两个小时。
二、不定式作表语
1.Her wish is to become a pop singer.她的愿望是成为一名流行歌手。
2.The great happiness is to serve people.最大的快乐是为人民服务。
三、不定式作宾语
1.I expect to see you tomorrow.我期望明天见到你。
2.She wanted to borrow my dictionary.她想要借我的字典。
四、不定式作定语(动宾关系)
1.Ihave a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。
2.The nurse has five children to look after.护士有五个孩子要照顾。
五、不定式作状语(逻辑上的主谓关系)
1.He went home to see his parents.(表目的)他回家去看望他的父母。
2.He was too young to go to school.(表结果too…to…)
→He was not old enough to go to school.(表结果not enough…to)他太年幼以至于还不能上学。
3.I am surprised to see the news.(表原因)我看到那则消息感到很吃惊。
六、不定式作宾补
1.I invited Tom to play the video games.我邀请汤姆去打电脑游戏。
2The teacher let us to have a rest.老师让我们休息一下。
3.I believe her(to be)clever.我相信她很聪明。
注:判断不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语很简单,从其在句中的位置就可以判断。而作定语时,不定式当中的动词和其修饰的名词往往存在动宾关系。作状语时,则根据不定式在句中的意思来判断,可以是目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
一、不定式作主语,通常我们都用it作形式主语
1.To help people is our duty.
→It is our duty to help people.帮助别人是我们的责任。
2.To get there took me two hours by bike.
→It took me two hours to get there by bike.骑自行车到那儿花了我两个小时。
二、不定式作表语
1.Her wish is to become a pop singer.她的愿望是成为一名流行歌手。
2.The great happiness is to serve people.最大的快乐是为人民服务。
三、不定式作宾语
1.I expect to see you tomorrow.我期望明天见到你。
2.She wanted to borrow my dictionary.她想要借我的字典。
四、不定式作定语(动宾关系)
1.Ihave a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。
2.The nurse has five children to look after.护士有五个孩子要照顾。
五、不定式作状语(逻辑上的主谓关系)
1.He went home to see his parents.(表目的)他回家去看望他的父母。
2.He was too young to go to school.(表结果too…to…)
→He was not old enough to go to school.(表结果not enough…to)他太年幼以至于还不能上学。
3.I am surprised to see the news.(表原因)我看到那则消息感到很吃惊。
六、不定式作宾补
1.I invited Tom to play the video games.我邀请汤姆去打电脑游戏。
2The teacher let us to have a rest.老师让我们休息一下。
3.I believe her(to be)clever.我相信她很聪明。
注:判断不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语很简单,从其在句中的位置就可以判断。而作定语时,不定式当中的动词和其修饰的名词往往存在动宾关系。作状语时,则根据不定式在句中的意思来判断,可以是目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。