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以国家为思想单位的西方现代国际秩序呈现出两方面的特征:一方面,自古罗马以来的等级权威出现了陨落;另一方面,经院主义世界观出现了向人文主义世界观的转变。随着西方国际秩序在世界范围内的展开,倡导国家间自然平等的人文主义世界观不但无力维持经院主义世界观主导下的那种国际和平,而且缘于对不了解之他国的恐惧,会引发世界范围内国家间元休止的冲突。因而,以国家为基石的现代世界国际秩序在人文主义世界观的支配下会出现不稳定性。而解决现代世界国际秩序不稳定性问题的出路似乎是:一方面适度向经院主义世界观回归,强调西方国际伦理(主要是基督教伦理)对国家自然自由权利的规范性限制;另一方面借鉴中国的天下观念,将世界范围内之国家间关系的伦理准则建立在非强制性的国家间相互性上,从而,既能确保国家的自然自由权利,又能避免国家间基于猜疑的毁灭性对抗,以实现现代世界国际秩序的稳定和全球社会的和谐。
The modern Western international order with the state as the unit of thought presents two characteristics: on the one hand, the hierarchical authority has fallen since ancient Rome; on the other hand, the emergence of the transcendentalist world outlook has shifted to the humanist world outlook. As the Western international order unfolds throughout the world, it is not only the inability of the humanist worldview that advocates the natural equality among nations to maintain the kind of international peace that is dominated by the ideological world view but also the fear of ignorant other nations that will trigger a worldwide Yuan conflict within the country. Thus, the international order in the modern world, which is based on the state, will become unstable under the domination of the humanist world outlook. The solution to the instability of the international order in the modern world appears to be that on the one hand, it is appropriate to return to the world view of scholasticism, to emphasize the normative restriction on the natural and liberty rights of the state by western international ethics (mainly Christian ethics); on the other hand, The idea of the world, based on the world-wide ethical norms of the relations among nations, is based on the non-compulsory inter-state relations so as to ensure the natural and natural rights of the state and avoid damaging confrontational states based on suspicion. To achieve the stability of the international order in the modern world and the harmony of the global community.