本文搜集旧大陆西部早期传入中国的作物及家畜资料,尝试辨析这些因素在进入中国的初期,也就是龙山—二里头文化时期,在当时生业体系的作用。小麦在黄河中下游地区发现的地点很多,但在农业中所占比例极小,在燕辽地区、北方地区和甘青地区则几乎没有,但在河西走廊至新疆东南部则很多且比较重要。绵羊、山羊和黄牛等家畜在黄河中下游地区所占比例很小,在燕辽地区、北方地区和甘青地区则占到家畜的一半以上,在河西走廊和新疆东南部也大致如此。河西走廊和新疆绿洲型农业应当是与中亚农业经济连为一体的。 This paper collects the data on the crops and livestock imported into China early in the western part of the old continent and tries to analyze the role of these factors in the initial stage of entering China, that is, Longshan - Erlitou culture. Wheat is found in many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but its share in agriculture is extremely small. In the areas of Yanliao, Northern China and Gansu, there is almost no wheat, but it is more and more important in the Hexi corridor to southeastern Xinjiang. Livestock such as sheep, goats and cattle account for a very small proportion of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, accounting for more than half of livestock in the Yanliao, Northern and Ganqing regions, and roughly the same in the Hexi Corridor and in southeastern Xinjiang. The Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang oasis-type agriculture should be integrated with the agricultural economy in Central Asia.