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目的:探讨宫内节育器(IUD)放置后不良反应的发生情况及其相关影响因素。方法:选取2011年6月~2012年6月在遵义市道真仡佬族苗族自治县计划生育妇幼保健中心门诊行IUD放置手术的1 285例育龄妇女为研究对象,观察IUD放置1年后不良反应的发生情况,并对其相关因素进行分析。结果:1 285例患者中共有78例(6.07%)发生不良反应,其中月经量增多29例、月经期延长21例、不规则出血14例及腰腹部疼痛14例,且主要发生在IUD放置术后的前3个月。经单因素分析可知,影响IUD放置术后不良反应的相关因素包括年龄、IUD形状、放置位置、放置时间、术后劳动强度、血型、术后休息时间、放置次数及术后同房时间,经Logsitic多因素分析排除相关干扰因素后可知,IUD类型、放置时间、放置位置、术后劳动强度、年龄是影响IUD放置效果的独立危险因素。结论:IUD形状、放置时间、放置位置、术后劳动强度是影响IUD放置效果的主要因素,因此临床上应根据患者自身状况选取合适的环形、放置时间及位置,术后嘱咐患者注意休息,避免过度劳动能有效降低IUD放置术后不良反应的发生率。
Objective: To investigate the incidence of adverse reactions after IUD placement and related factors. Methods: A total of 1 285 fertile women of childbearing age undergoing IUD placement in the Dadong Mulao and Miao Autonomous County Family Planning MCH Center from June 2011 to June 2012 were enrolled in this study. The adverse reactions were observed after IUD placement for 1 year Situation, and analyze its related factors. RESULTS: A total of 785 patients (6.07%) had adverse reactions in 2985 patients, including 29 cases of menstrual increase, 21 cases of menstrual period prolongation, 14 cases of irregular bleeding and 14 cases of lumbar and abdominal pain, and mainly occurred in IUD placement After the first 3 months. According to the univariate analysis, the related factors affecting the postoperative adverse reactions of IUD placement included age, shape of IUD, placement, placement time, postoperative labor intensity, blood type, postoperative resting time, placement times and postoperative intercourse time. Logsitic Multivariate analysis revealed that the type of IUD, placement time, location, postoperative labor intensity, and age were independent risk factors influencing IUD placement. Conclusion: IUD shape, placement time, placement, postoperative labor intensity is the main factor affecting the placement of IUD, so the clinical should be based on the patient’s condition to select the appropriate ring, place the time and location, postoperative patients were asked to pay attention to rest, to avoid Excessive labor can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions IUD placement.