论文部分内容阅读
目的了解四川省通江县狂犬病流行特征及流行因素,探讨有效的预防控制(防控)对策。方法采用描述流行病学分析狂犬病疫情资料。结果通江县1984/2008-06累计报告狂犬病发病48例,病死48例。从流行趋势看,疫情经历流行期(1984-1991年)、控制期(1992-2005年)和回升期(2006-)3个阶段,流行期年均发病率为0.75/10万,以1988年发病率最高达1.26/10万;控制期无病例报告;回升期疫情呈逐年上升趋势,2007、2008-01/06病例数分别较2006年上升4倍和3倍。从三间分布看,秋季为发病高峰(45.45%),民胜、广纳片区为历年的高发地区(47.73%),发病年龄以15～64岁人群居多(74.99%)。从2006年以来病例个案资料分析结果看,100%病例分布在农村,以流浪犬和散养犬为传染源(分别占70%和30%),以头、面、手等裸露部位暴露为主(70%),Ⅲ级暴露及未处理伤口的比例较大(分别占60%和30%),Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露者人用狂犬疫苗全程接种率和Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病被动免疫制剂接种率低下(分别仅达10%和16.67%)。结论通江县目前正处于狂犬病疫情回升阶段,应当进一步采取以大力开展健康教育、切实控制传染源、积极开展暴露后伤口规范化处理及免疫接种、加强疫情监测等为主的综合性防控措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and prevalence of rabies in Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province, and to explore effective prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of rabies outbreak data was used. Results Tongjiang County 1984 / 2008-06 cumulative report of rabies in 48 cases, died of 48 cases. From epidemic trends, the epidemic experienced three phases of epidemic period (1984-1991), control period (1992-2005) and recovery period (2006-). The average annual incidence of epidemic period was 0.75 / 100 thousand. In 1988 The incidence rate was up to 1.26 / 100,000. There was no case report in the control period. The epidemic situation in the recovery period showed an upward trend year by year. The number of cases increased from 2007 to 2008-01-06 by 4 times and 3 times respectively. From the three distributions, autumn peak incidence (45.45%), Minsheng, Guangnai area for the calendar year high incidence area (47.73%), the age of onset to 15-64 year-old population (74.99%). According to the analysis of case data since 2006, 100% of the cases were found in rural areas, with stray dogs and casual dogs as the source of infection (70% and 30%, respectively), with exposure to the exposed parts of head, face and hand (70%), grade Ⅲ exposed and untreated wounds (60% and 30% respectively). The vaccination rate of rabies vaccine and the immunization rate of rabies passive immunization of grade Ⅲ exposed persons in Ⅱ and Ⅲ level exposures Low (up to 10% and 16.67% respectively). Conclusion Tongjiang County is currently in the stage of recovery from rabies epidemic. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken such as vigorously carrying out health education, effectively controlling the source of infection, actively carrying out post-exposure wound standardization and immunization, and strengthening epidemic situation monitoring.