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目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者现状,为COPD防治工作提供依据。方法选择本地区综合性医院2008—2013年COPD就诊病例,通过电话、入户问卷调查等方式收集患者吸烟、饮酒及社会人口学信息,并进行描述分析与统计比较。结果共收集有效病例396例,目前仍在吸烟和过去吸过烟者占54.29%,饮酒率为25.00%。396例患者近一年COPD平均发病(1.72±2.81)次,其中不吸烟者、已戒烟者、在吸烟者一年来平均发病依次为(1.46±1.21)、(1.81±3.49)和(2.68±3.49)次,三者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但各年龄组间发病次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同饮酒程度者近一年平均发病次数比较,饮酒频次越高的患者,其发病次数也越高(P<0.05)。从患者症状评估测试来看,COPD患者气喘、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷和活动受限对其主观感受的影响程度较大,女性患者主观感受差的比重高于男性(P<0.05)。结论 COPD对患者健康危害极大,吸烟、饮酒促使COPD病情发作、危害加重,需加强早期防控,并纳入社区综合管理。
Objective To understand the status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provide basis for prevention and treatment of COPD. Methods COPD patients in 2008-2013 in general hospitals in the region were selected. Smoking, alcohol consumption and socio-demographic information of patients were collected by telephone and home questionnaire, and the descriptive analysis and statistical comparison were performed. Results A total of 396 valid cases were collected, and 54.29% were still smokers and smoked in the past. The drinking rate was 25.00%. In the 396 cases, the average incidence of COPD in the recent one year was (1.72 ± 2.81) times, including non-smokers and ex-smokers. The average incidence of smokers in one year was (1.46 ± 1.21), (1.81 ± 3.49) and (2.68 ± 3.49 ) Times, the difference between the three was statistically significant (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in incidence among all age groups (P> 0.05). The average incidence of alcohol intake in different age groups was higher than that in the past one year. The higher the frequency of drinking was, the higher the incidence was (P <0.05). From the patient symptom evaluation test, COPD patients had more influence on their subjective feelings of asthma, cough, expectoration, chest tightness and limited activities, and the proportion of subjective feelings worsened in female patients was higher than that in men (P <0.05). Conclusion COPD is extremely harmful to patients’ health. Smoking and drinking lead to the exacerbation of COPD. The prevention and control of COPD should be strengthened and integrated into community management.